NSG 6435 Pediatrics COMPLETED EXAM 2026 (10pages)

1. What is the most common cause of bronchiolitis in infants and young children? A) Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) B) Parainfluenza virus C) Influenza virus D) Adenovirus Answer: A) Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of bronchiolitis, which is an inflammation of the small airways in the lungs. Bronchiolitis can cause wheezing, coughing, difficulty breathing, and low oxygen levels in the blood. It is more common in winter and early spring, and affects children under two years of age. 2. What are the signs and symptoms of appendicitis in children? A) Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and rebound tenderness B) Abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, blood in stool, and weight loss C) Abdominal pain, jaundice, dark urine, pale stool, and pruritus D) Abdominal pain, anorexia, headache, rash, and joint pain Answer: A) Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and rebound tenderness are the classic signs and symptoms of appendicitis in children. The pain usually starts around the navel and then moves to the lower right quadrant of the abdomen. Rebound tenderness means that the pain gets worse when the pressure on the abdomen is released. Appendicitis is a medical emergency that requires prompt surgery to remove the inflamed appendix. 3. What is the recommended treatment for impetigo in children? A) Oral antibiotics and topical antifungal cream B) Oral antihistamines and topical corticosteroid cream C) Oral antivirals and topical acyclovir cream D) Oral antibiotics and topical mupirocin ointment Answer: D) Oral antibiotics and topical mupirocin ointment are the recommended treatment for impetigo in children. Impetigo is a bacterial skin infection that causes red sores that burst and form yellow crusts. It is highly contagious and can spread through direct contact or sharing items such as towels or toys. The oral antibiotics help to clear the infection from the inside, while the topical mupirocin ointment helps to prevent further spread and heal the sores.