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NU 345 Health Assessment & Promotion FINAL EXAM GUIDE 2026/2027
#### 1. A 75-year-old male presents with progressive shortness of
breath, chronic cough, and history of smoking. On physical
examination, you note decreased breath sounds and prolonged
expiration. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
a) Asthma
b) Chronic bronchitis
c) Emphysema
d) Pulmonary fibrosis
Answer: c) Emphysema
Rationale: Emphysema is associated with progressive shortness
of breath, chronic cough, and prolonged expiration, particularly in
patients with a history of smoking. Chronic bronchitis would also
cause a chronic cough but not the decreased breath sounds and
prolonged expiration characteristic of emphysema.
#### 2. A 45-year-old female presents with a palpable mass in her
breast. She has no history of breast cancer and her last
mammogram a year ago was normal. Which diagnostic test should
be performed first?
a) Mammography
b) Ultrasound
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