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1. A 68-year-old male patient presents with a history of hypertension and
type 2 diabetes. Which of the following interventions should be prioritized
in his management plan?
 A) Initiation of insulin therapy
 B) Lifestyle modifications including diet and exercise
 C) Routine screening for prostate cancer
 D) Referral to a cardiologist
 **Answer: B**. Lifestyle modifications are crucial in the management
of hypertension and type 2 diabetes and can significantly impact the
patient's health outcomes.
2. In assessing a 72-year-old female with suspected heart failure, which
diagnostic tool would provide the most valuable information?
 A) Chest X-ray
 B) Echocardiogram
 C) Electrocardiogram (ECG)
 D) Complete blood count (CBC)
 **Answer: B**. An echocardiogram is essential for evaluating cardiac
function and structure, aiding in the diagnosis of heart failure.
3. When considering medication management for an older adult with
multiple chronic conditions, what is an important consideration to prevent
polypharmacy?
 A) Prescribing the newest medications available
 B) Ensuring all medications are taken with food
 C) Regular review and rationalization of all prescribed medications
 D) Using only over-the-counter medications when possible
 **Answer: C**. Regular medication reviews help to minimize the risk
of polypharmacy and its associated adverse effects.
4. A 70-year-old patient with a history of atrial fibrillation is on
anticoagulation therapy. What is a key aspect of their care?
 A) Frequent neurological assessments
 B) Monitoring for signs of bleeding
 C) Annual influenza vaccination
 D) Monthly liver function tests
 **Answer: B**. Monitoring for signs of bleeding is crucial due to theÂ
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