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1. **Question**: What is the primary physiological principle underlying
intravenous fluid therapy in patients with hypovolemia?
 **Answer**: The primary principle is to restore circulating blood
volume, thereby improving tissue perfusion and oxygenation.
 **Rationale**: Hypovolemia refers to decreased blood volume, which
can lead to reduced tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery. Intravenous
therapy quickly replenishes blood volume, ensuring vital organs receive
adequate oxygen.
2. **Question**: How does the osmolarity of IV solutions affect fluid
distribution in the body?
 **Answer**: Isotonic solutions maintain fluid balance, hypotonic
solutions cause fluid shift into cells, and hypertonic solutions draw fluid
out of cells.
 **Rationale**: Osmolarity determines the movement of water across
cell membranes. Isotonic solutions have no net movement, hypotonic
solutions hydrate cells, and hypertonic solutions are used to reduce
cellular swelling or deliver concentrated nutrients.
3. **Question**: In administering IV potassium, what is the maximum
recommended infusion rate to prevent cardiac complications?
 **Answer**: The maximum rate should not exceed 10 mEq/hour.
 **Rationale**: Rapid infusion of potassium can lead to hyperkalemia,
which may cause cardiac arrhythmias or arrest. A controlled rate ensures
safe serum potassium levels.
4. **Question**: What is the significance of monitoring blood pressure
during intravenous therapy?
 **Answer**: It helps detect either hypervolemia or hypovolemia,
indicating whether the IV therapy is too fast or insufficient.
 **Rationale**: Blood pressure reflects fluid status; a significant
increase may suggest fluid overload, while a decrease might indicate
inadequate volume replacement.
5. **Question**: Why is it important to use aseptic technique when
preparing and administering IV medications?
 **Answer**: To prevent infections, including potentially lifethreatening bloodstream infections.
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