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NUR 2571 Exam 2 Study Guide
Cardiovascular Disorders
• Any kind of disorder that interferes with pump
• It can be peripheral vascular diseases that interrupt blood flow
• As age increase things don’t pump the same
• Arterial sclerosis is when narrowing begins to happen
o Pt. starts to experience decreased cardia output
• Increased size of myocardium – heart muscle that has pumped a long time
o Think about 90-year old’s, not many things last 90 years
â–ª Remember heart is just tissue and muscle
â–ª Age and high BP causes issues and heart gets larger
• Atherosclerosis – “at†being the fat in there (there meaning the arteries lol)
o Start having edema and varicose veins
• Different tests
o Main test surrounding heart damage is troponin which should be less than 0.04
o Troponin shows what damage is going onto the heart even if EKG is normal
â–ª Non-STEMI (non-ST elevated MI)
â–ª Patients will come in with no chest pain yet have slurred speech,sweating, out
of it, BM (known as MI BM because everything relaxes and pts poop)
o Myoglobin shows what damage is to the muscle
â–ª You can have heart attack 20 years ago and still have damage to myoglobin
therefore it is not the FIRST test to look at, yet it is still important
• Conditionsthat cause different cardiac disorders
o Hypo and Hypertension (hypertension being most important)
â–ª Hypertension the leading cause of MI (heart attack), kidney damage, CHF,
Stroke, atherosclerosis, arterial sclerosis, (walls stiffen and harden)
â–ª Hypertension is a beast
• Cardiomyopathy – weakening of the heart muscle
▪ Muscle becomes enlarges,stretched, Sterling’s Law
â–ª Not able to pump the same
o Primary Cardiomyopathy – medical field not sure what causes it
o Secondary Cardiomyopathy usually linked to something else, Long standing
hypertension, congenital heart problems, etc.
o Dilated (Congested Cardiomyopathy)
â–ª Pumped up and gotten big so many times that it has stayed open
â–ª Can lead to CHF
â–ª Not able to get all blood out which can lead to blood clots or a fib
â–ª Watch for STROKES
â–ª pt. will be on anticoagulants
â–ª if disease progresses, bc treatment not working, heart transplant may be only
option
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