NUR 305 Cumulative Final Exam Questions & Answers, Rated 100%

NUR 305 Cumulative Final Exam Questions & Answers, Rated 100%
Which symptom requires immediate intervention during a hypoglycemic episode?
A.Confusion
B.Hunger
C.Headache
Tachycardia - CONFUSION
Rationale: Glucose is necessary for brain function. Confusion is a marker of severe
hypoglycemia requiring immediate intervention. Irritability/anxiety, hunger, tachycardia,
headache, sweating, and seizures are additional signs of hypoglycemia.
When should a patient with type 1 diabetes avoid exercise?
A.When serum glucose is less than 150
B.During colder months
C.When ketones are present in the urine
D.When emotional stressors are high for the patient - C.When ketones are present in the
urine
Rationale: Exercise should be avoided if ketones are present in the urine. Ketones
indicate that current insulin levels are not adequate and that exercise would elevate blood
glucose levels.
A patient with an acid-base imbalance has an altered potassium level. The nurse
recognizes that the potassium level is altered because:
1. Potassium is returned to extracellular fluid when metabolic acidosis is corrected.
2. Hyperkalemia causes an alkalosis that results in potassium being shifted into the cells.
3. Acidosis causes hydrogen ions in the blood to be exchanged for potassium from the
cells.
4. In alkalosis, potassium is shifted into extracellular fluid to bind excessive bicarbonate.
- 3. Acidosis causes hydrogen ions in the blood to be exchanged for potassium from the
cells.
Rationale: Changes in pH (hydrogen ion concentration) will affect potassium balance. In
acidosis, hydrogen ions accumulate in the intracellular fluid (ICF), and potassium shifts
out of the cell to the extracellular fluid to maintain a balance of cations across the cell
membrane. In alkalosis, ICF levels of hydrogen diminish, and potassium shifts into the
cell. If a deficit of H+ occurs in the extracellular fluid, potassium will shift into the cell.
Acidosis is associated with hyperkalemia, and alkalosis is associated with hypokalemia.
A patient has the following arterial blood gas (ABG) results: pH 7.48, PaO2 86 mm Hg,
PaCO2 44 mm Hg, HCO3 29 mEq/L. When assessing the patient, the nurse would expect
the patient to experience:
1. Warm, flushed skin.
2. Respiratory rate of 36.
3. Blood pressure of 94/52.
4. Hypertonic muscles with cramping. - 4. Hypertonic muscles with cramping.
Rationale: The patient is experiencing metabolic alkalosis (elevated pH and elevated
HCO3). Clinical manifestations of metabolic alkalosis include hypertonic muscles and
cramping, severe hypotension and reduced respiratory rate. Hypotension and warm,
flushed skin may occur with respiratory acidosis.
A patient is brought to the ED after being hit by a car while biking. He is unresponsive,
has shallow breathing, and has an open femur fracture from which he has lost a
significant amount of blood. The nurse anticipates which acid-base imbalance?
A.Metabolic alkalosis
B.Respiratory acidosis
C.Metabolic alkalosis and respiratory alkalosis
D.Metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis - D.Metabolic acidosis and respiratory
acidosis
Rationale: Hypoperfusion associated with significant shift in intravascular volume and/or
blood loss that may be experienced by patients with significant trauma, burn injuries,
sepsis, shock states, or cardiac arrest are examples of problems leading to metabolic
acidosis. Shallow breathing or ineffective ventilation causes respiratory acidosis.
Combined acidosis is more severe than either metabolic acidosis or respiratory acidosis
alone.
The nurse is evaluating the laboratory work of a patient who has uncontrolled metabolic
acidosis. Which outcome would result from this condition?
A.pH 7.30
B.Bicarbonate 18 mEq/L
C.Pao2 98 mm Hg
D.Serum potassium 5.7 mEq/L - D.Serum potassium 5.7 mEq/L
Rationale: Metabolic acidosis is reflected by several changes in ABG values. The pH is
low (<7.35). The bicarbonate level is low (<21 mEq/L). The partial pressure of arterial
oxygen (Pao2) is normal because gas exchange is adequate. The serum potassium level is
often high in acidosis as the body attempts to maintain electroneutrality during buffering.
The nurse is reviewing the standing orders for a patient who was admitted for evaluation
of chest pain. The patient has a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD), and his laboratory results and assessment reveal that he has mild respiratory
acidosis. The nurse would question which order?
A.Encourage oral fluids
B.Oxygen therapy at 4 L/min as needed
C.Keep head of bed elevated
Bedrest with bathroom privileges only - B.Oxygen therapy at 4 L/min as needed
Rationale: The bedrest order will help the patient conserve energy. The upright position
(mid-Fowler's to high-Fowler's position) helps increase lung expansion. Increasing fluid
intake may reduce the thickness of lung secretions and assist in their removal. Oxygen
therapy helps promote gas exchange for patients with respiratory acidosis. However, use
caution when giving oxygen to patients with COPD and CO2 retention as evidenced by a
high Paco2 level. The only breathing trigger for these patients is a decreased arterial
oxygen level. Giving too much oxygen to these patients decreases their respiratory drive
and may lead to respiratory arrest

NUR 305 Cumulative Final Exam,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Test,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Flashcard,NUR 305 Cumulative Final quiz,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Practice,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Practice test,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Practice flashcard,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Practice exam,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Study guide,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Practice questions,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Questions,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Practice questions and answers,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Questions and answers,NUR 305 Cumulative Final pdf,NUR 305 Cumulative Final quizlet,NUR 305 Cumulative Final reddit,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Answer sheet,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Answer key,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Pdf free,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Exam help,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Cheat sheet,NUR 305 Cumulative Final quiz bank,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Questions bank,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Practice Guide,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Guide,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Testbank,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Practice Answers,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Answers,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Exam prep,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Prep,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Pdf download,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Flashcards,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Real questions,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Actual questions,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Real Questions and answers,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Actual Questions and answers,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Exam review,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Review,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Exam questions,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Exam questions and answers,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Practice test pdf,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Practice test quizlet,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Practice test Reddit,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Practice test quizlet multiple choice,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Exam study guide,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Practice test free,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Test questions,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Exam study guide,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Practice exam free,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Practice tests free,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Exam practice test,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Exam test questions,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Exam questions and answers,NUR 305 Cumulative Final Exam practice test