NUR 325 Antihypertensives

Understanding Antihypertensives: Key Concepts for NUR 325 Students

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, remains one of the most prevalent chronic conditions worldwide, affecting millions of individuals. Managing this condition effectively requires a deep understanding of antihypertensive medications, a crucial topic covered in NUR 325 at various institutions, including ASU (Arizona State University) and UNLV (University of Nevada, Las Vegas). As students prepare for NUR 325 Exam 1, Exam 2, and the Final Exam, mastering the pharmacology, indications, contraindications, and nursing considerations of these medications is essential.

Classes of Antihypertensives

Antihypertensive drugs are categorized into several classes, each with unique mechanisms of action and considerations:

1. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors

ACE inhibitors, such as lisinopril and enalapril, function by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, reducing vasoconstriction and lowering blood pressure. Nursing students studying for NUR 3250 must remember key side effects, such as a persistent dry cough and hyperkalemia.

2. Beta-Blockers

Beta-blockers like metoprolol and atenolol work by reducing heart rate and cardiac output, ultimately lowering blood pressure. They are frequently tested in NUR 325 Exam 3 and are contraindicated in patients with bradycardia or asthma due to their potential to induce bronchospasms.

3. Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs)

CCBs, such as amlodipine and diltiazem, inhibit calcium influx into vascular smooth muscle, promoting vasodilation. These medications require careful monitoring for peripheral edema and potential hypotension, which are common quiz questions in NURS 325 Quizlet resources.

4. Diuretics

Diuretics, including thiazides (hydrochlorothiazide) and loop diuretics (furosemide), help manage hypertension by promoting sodium and water excretion. Nursing implications include monitoring electrolytes, particularly potassium levels, which are commonly covered in NURS 325 Exam 1.

5. Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

ARBs such as losartan and valsartan provide an alternative to ACE inhibitors for patients who develop an ACE-induced cough. Nursing considerations include assessing for hyperkalemia and renal function deterioration.

6. Direct Vasodilators

Drugs like hydralazine and minoxidil act directly on vascular smooth muscle to induce vasodilation. They are often reserved for severe hypertension and require monitoring for reflex tachycardia.

Nursing Considerations for Antihypertensives

When administering antihypertensives, nurses must account for various nursing considerations, including potential drug interactions, contraindications, and adverse effects:

• Monitor Blood Pressure: Always check baseline and post-administration readings to prevent hypotension.

• Assess Renal Function: Many antihypertensives, including ACE inhibitors and ARBs, can affect kidney function.

• Watch for Electrolyte Imbalances: Diuretics may cause hypokalemia or hyperkalemia, depending on the type used.

• Educate Patients on Orthostatic Hypotension: Some medications may cause dizziness, requiring patients to rise slowly from a seated or lying position.

Drug Interactions and Special Considerations

Ferrous Sulfate 325 mg and Antihypertensives

Iron supplements like Ferrous Sulfate 325 mg are commonly prescribed for anemia. Nursing implications include ensuring patients do not take iron supplements concurrently with ACE inhibitors, as both can contribute to hyperkalemia.

Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen 5-325 and Antihypertensives

Pain medications, including Hydrocodone Acetaminophen 5-325, may potentiate the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive drugs, necessitating dose adjustments.

Norco 5-325 Nursing Considerations

Norco 5-325, another opioid combination, requires careful monitoring in hypertensive patients, as it can cause respiratory depression and dizziness, compounding the effects of antihypertensives.

Nurofen 325 mg and Blood Pressure Management

NSAIDs, including Nurofen 325 mg, can counteract the effects of antihypertensives, particularly diuretics and ACE inhibitors, leading to increased blood pressure. This is a common test question in NURS 325 UNLV.

Case Studies and Clinical Application

To solidify knowledge for NUR 325 final exam preparation, students must apply their understanding to clinical scenarios. Consider the following case:

Case Study: A 65-year-old male with a history of hypertension and chronic kidney disease is prescribed lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide. His latest lab values reveal hyperkalemia and elevated serum creatinine.

Critical Thinking Questions:

1. What adjustments should be made to his medication regimen?

2. What nursing interventions should be implemented to monitor kidney function?

3. How should patient education be modified to ensure adherence while preventing adverse effects?

Study Tips for NUR 325 Exams

Students preparing for NUR 325 Exam 1, Exam 2, and Exam 3 should focus on:

• Understanding drug classes and mechanisms of action.

• Memorizing key nursing considerations and contraindications.

• Utilizing NURS 325 Quizlet for active recall practice.

• Applying concepts to case studies, which often appear on the NUR 325 Final Exam.

Conclusion

Mastering antihypertensive pharmacology is a cornerstone of NUR 325 coursework. By comprehensively understanding these medications, their effects, and essential nursing interventions, students can enhance their clinical acumen and perform confidently on their NUR 325 exams. Whether preparing for assessments at ASU, UNLV, or any other institution, a thorough grasp of antihypertensives is vital for success in nursing practice.

Below are sample Questions and Answers:

1. what increases as BP increases? Answer risk of MI, heart failure,stroke,renal disease, retinopathy 2. what is a normal SBP and DBP? Answer <120 and <80 3. what is a elevated SBP and DBP? Answer 120-129 and <80 4. what is hypertension stage 1 SBP and DBP? Answer 130-139 or 80-89 5. what is hypertension stage 2 SBP and DBP? Answer >140 or >90 6. what is blood pressure? Answer force exerted by blood against walls of blood vessels 7. why is blood pressure important? Answer to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest 8. BP = Answer CO x SVR