.png){kind=logo}
1. A 6-month-old infant presents with a three-day history of irritability,
decreased oral intake, and a fever of 38.5°C. On examination, the infant
has a bulging anterior fontanelle. Which of the following is the most likely
diagnosis?
 A. Acute otitis media
 B. Meningitis
 C. Viral gastroenteritis
 D. Urinary tract infection
 Answer: B. Meningitis
 Rationale: The presence of fever, irritability, decreased oral intake, and
particularly a bulging anterior fontanelle in an infant is highly suggestive
of meningitis, a serious infection of the membranes covering the brain and
spinal cord.
2. A 14-year-old patient presents with fatigue, weight loss, and polyuria.
Laboratory tests reveal hyperglycemia and ketonuria. Which of the
following is the most appropriate initial diagnosis?
 A. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
 B. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
 C. Chronic kidney disease
 D. Hyperthyroidism
 Answer: A. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
 Rationale: The classic symptoms of fatigue, weight loss, and polyuria,
along with laboratory findings of hyperglycemia and ketonuria, are
indicative of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in a pediatric patient.
3. During a well-child visit, you notice that a 4-year-old child has not
received the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine. What is the
most important reason to recommend this vaccine?
 A. Prevention of common childhood illnesses
 B. Compliance with school entry requirements
 C. Protection against potentially life-threatening diseases
 D. Reduction in healthcare costs associated with these diseases
 Answer: C. Protection against potentially life-threatening diseases
 Rationale: The MMR vaccine protects against measles, mumps, and
rubella, which are potentially life-threatening diseases with serious
complications.
.png)