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1. A 65-year-old man with a history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus,
and chronic kidney disease is prescribed lisinopril, a medication that
belongs to the class of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
inhibitors. What is the main mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors
in lowering blood pressure?
a) They block the production of angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor.
b) They inhibit the breakdown of bradykinin, a vasodilator.
c) They reduce the secretion of aldosterone, a hormone that causes
sodium and water retention.
d) All of the above.*
Rationale: ACE inhibitors lower blood pressure by blocking the
production of angiotensin II, inhibiting the breakdown of bradykinin,
and reducing the secretion of aldosterone. These effects result in
vasodilation, decreased blood volume, and decreased peripheral
resistance.
2. A 45-year-old woman with a history of asthma is prescribed
albuterol, a medication that belongs to the class of beta-2 adrenergic
agonists. What is the main adverse effect of beta-2 adrenergic
agonists in patients with asthma?
a) Bronchoconstriction
b) Tachycardia*
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