NURS 4006 FINAL EXAM PREP (TOPICS IN CLINICAL NURSING) ANSWERED 2026/2027 (10pages)

Primary Care 1. What are the four principles of primary care and how do they apply to clinical nursing practice? (10 marks) Answer: The four principles of primary care are accessibility, comprehensiveness, coordination and continuity. Accessibility means that primary care services are available and affordable to all people regardless of their location, income or health status. Comprehensiveness means that primary care covers a wide range of health needs, from prevention and promotion to treatment and rehabilitation. Coordination means that primary care facilitates the integration and collaboration of different health providers and sectors to ensure continuity and quality of care. Continuity means that primary care establishes a long-term relationship between patients and providers, based on trust, respect and mutual understanding. 2. What are some of the roles and responsibilities of a clinical nurse in primary care settings? (10 marks) Answer: Some of the roles and responsibilities of a clinical nurse in primary care settings are: conducting health assessments, providing health education and counseling, performing clinical procedures and interventions, prescribing medications and referrals, managing chronic conditions, coordinating care with other providers and agencies, advocating for patients' rights and preferences, participating in quality improvement and research activities, and collaborating with interprofessional teams. 3. What are some of the challenges and opportunities for clinical nursing in primary care? (10 marks) Answer: Some of the challenges for clinical nursing in primary care are: adapting to diverse and complex health needs of patients and communities, working in resource-limited and remote settings, dealing with ethical dilemmas and legal issues, coping with stress and burnout, maintaining professional competence and development, and balancing work-life demands. Some of the opportunities for clinical nursing in primary care are: expanding the scope and autonomy of practice, enhancing the quality and safety of care, improving access and equity of health services, promoting patient-centered and holistic