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1. A nurse researcher is conducting a randomized
controlled trial to compare the effectiveness of two
interventions for smoking cessation. The researcher
randomly assigns participants to either group A or group B
and follows them for six months. The researcher measures
the number of cigarettes smoked per day at baseline and at
the end of the study. What type of research design is this?
a) Descriptive
b) Correlational
c) Experimental*
d) Quasi-experimental
Rationale: This is an example of an experimental design,
which involves manipulating an independent variable (the
intervention) and measuring its effect on a dependent
variable (the number of cigarettes smoked per day) while
controlling for other variables (random assignment, followup period).
2. A nurse is working in a palliative care unit and is caring
for a patient who has terminal cancer. The patient has
expressed a wish to die at home and has signed a do-notresuscitate (DNR) order. However, the patient's family
members are opposed to this decision and want the patient
to receive aggressive treatment in the hospital. The nurse is
facing an ethical dilemma and needs to balance the patient's
autonomy with the family's beneficence. What ethical
principle should guide the nurse's actions in this situation?
a) Justice
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