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1. A patient presents with signs of acute respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS). Which of the following pathophysiological processes is most
likely contributing to their condition?
A. Decreased surfactant production
B. Increased capillary permeability
C. Excessive mucus production
D. Bronchoconstriction
Answer: B. Increased capillary permeability
Rationale: ARDS is characterized by increased capillary permeability,
leading to fluid leakage into the alveoli and impaired gas exchange.
2. A patient with hypertension is prescribed a calcium channel blocker.
Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of this
medication?
A. Inhibition of angiotensin II
B. Inhibition of calcium influx into smooth muscle cells
C. Inhibition of beta-adrenergic receptors
D. Inhibition of platelet aggregation
Answer: B. Inhibition of calcium influx into smooth muscle cells
Rationale: Calcium channel blockers work by blocking calcium influx into
smooth muscle cells, leading to vasodilation and decreased blood
pressure.
3. During a physical assessment, a nurse observes the patient's skin
turning pale and cool to the touch in response to cold temperatures. This is
an example of which physiological response?
A. Vasoconstriction
B. Vasodilation
C. Diaphoresis
D. Hyperemia
Answer: A. Vasoconstriction
Rationale: Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of blood vessels, which helps
conserve heat in response to cold temperatures.
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