NURS 6320 Final Exam (Ch 2, 3, 8, 9)

NURS 6320 Final Exam (Ch 2, 3, 8, 9)
A patient's blood gases reveal the following findings: pH, 7.3; bicarbonate (HCO3) 27
mEq/L; carbon dioxide (CO2), 58 mm Hg. What is the interpretation of these gases?
a. Respiratory alkalosis
b. Metabolic acidosis
c. Respiratory acidosis
d. Metabolic alkalosis
The values provided in this question characterize only acute uncompensated respiratory
acidosis.
What causes the clinical manifestations of confusion, convulsions, cerebral
hemorrhage, and coma in hypernatremia?
a. High sodium in the blood vessels pulls water out of the brain cells into the blood
vessels, causing brain cells to shrink.
b. High sodium in the brain cells pulls water out of the blood vessels into the brain cells,
causing them to swell.
c. High sodium in the blood vessels pulls potassium out of the brain cells, which slows
the synapses in the brain.
d. High sodium in the blood vessels draws chloride into the brain cells followed by
water, causing the brain cells to swell
Hypertonic (hyperosmolar) imbalances result in an extracellular fluid concentration
greater than 0.9% salt solution (e.g., water loss or solute gain); cells shrink in a
hypertonic fluid (see Table 3-7). This shrinking of cells results in the symptoms
described in the question. The other options do not accurately describe the cause of
these symptoms as they relate to hypernatremia
Vomiting-induced metabolic alkalosis, resulting in the loss of chloride, causes:
a. Retained sodium to bind with the chloride
b. Hydrogen to move into the cell and exchange with potassium to maintain cation
balance
c. Retention of bicarbonate to maintain the anion balance
d. Hypoventilation to compensate for the metabolic alkalosis

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