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1. A patient with hypertension is prescribed lisinopril, an
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. The nurse
should monitor the patient for which of the following
adverse effects?
a) Hyperkalemia*
b) Hypoglycemia
c) Hypocalcemia
d) Hyponatremia
Rationale: ACE inhibitors can cause hyperkalemia by
inhibiting the secretion of aldosterone, which regulates
potassium excretion. Hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, and
hyponatremia are not common adverse effects of ACE
inhibitors.
2. A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus is taking
metformin, a biguanide antidiabetic agent. The nurse
should instruct the patient to avoid which of the following
substances while taking metformin?
a) Alcohol*
b) Caffeine
c) Grapefruit juice
d) Milk
Rationale: Alcohol can increase the risk of lactic acidosis, a
rare but serious complication of metformin therapy.
Caffeine, grapefruit juice, and milk do not interact
significantly with metformin.
3. A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) is prescribed albuterol, a beta2-adrenergic agonistÂ
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