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1. You are assessing a 2-day-old neonate who was born at
36 weeks gestation. The neonate has a respiratory rate of
60 breaths per minute, nasal flaring, intercostal retractions,
and grunting. What is the most likely diagnosis for this
neonate?
A) Transient tachypnea of the newborn
B) Respiratory distress syndrome*
C) Meconium aspiration syndrome
D) Pneumonia
Rationale: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is caused
by a deficiency of surfactant in the lungs, which leads to
alveolar collapse and impaired gas exchange. RDS is more
common in preterm infants, especially those born before 37
weeks gestation. The clinical manifestations of RDS
include tachypnea, nasal flaring, intercostal retractions,
grunting, and cyanosis.
2. You are examining a 3-day-old neonate who was born at
term with a vaginal delivery. The neonate has jaundice,
lethargy, poor feeding, and a high-pitched cry. The total
serum bilirubin level is 25 mg/dL. What is the most
appropriate intervention for this neonate?
A) Phototherapy*
B) Exchange transfusion
C) Intravenous fluids
D) Antibiotics
Rationale: Phototherapy is the treatment of choice for
neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, which is a conditionÂ
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