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1. A newborn is prescribed oral morphine for pain
management. Which of the following physiological factors
should the nurse consider when administering this
medication?
a) Limited renal function and potential for drug
accumulation
b) Accelerated liver metabolism and increased drug
clearance
c) Enhanced blood-brain barrier permeability and rapid
drug distribution
d) Decreased gastrointestinal absorption and delayed drug
effects
Answer: d) Decreased gastrointestinal absorption and
delayed drug effects
Rationale: Newborns have reduced gastrointestinal
absorption compared to adults, leading to delayed drug
effects. This factor should be considered when
administering oral morphine.
2. A 4-month-old infant is diagnosed with a respiratory
infection and prescribed an antibiotic. Which of the
following pharmacokinetic changes should the nurse
anticipate in this age group?
a) Higher plasma protein binding, resulting in reduced free
drug levels
b) Slower renal excretion, leading to prolonged drug half-
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