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1. Which of the following best describes the
pathophysiological mechanism of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
a. Insulin resistance
b. Antibodies destroying pancreatic beta cells
c. Increased production of glucagon
d. Kidney dysfunction impairing glucose reabsorption
Answer: b. Antibodies destroying pancreatic beta cells
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune
disorder in which the body's immune system mistakenly
attacks and destroys pancreatic beta cells, resulting in little
to no insulin production.
2. Which of the following occurs as a result of an impaired
function of the sinoatrial (SA) node?
a. Increased heart rate
b. Decreased cardiac contractility
c. Irregular heart rhythm
d. Vasoconstriction
Answer: c. Irregular heart rhythm
Rationale: The SA node is responsible for initiating the
electrical impulses that regulate the heart's rhythm. If there
is an impairment in its function, it can lead to irregular
heart rhythms, such as atrial fibrillation or bradycardia.
3. Which statement accurately describes the
pathophysiology of asthma?
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