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1. Which statement best describes the pathophysiology of
autoimmune disorders?
a) The immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own
healthy cells and tissues.
b) Immunodeficiency occurs due to excessive production
of antibodies.
c) Allergies occur due to an overactive immune response to
harmless pathogens.
d) Viruses and bacteria invade the body, resulting in severe
inflammation and tissue damage.
Answer: a) The immune system mistakenly attacks the
body's own healthy cells and tissues.
Rationale: Autoimmune disorders occur when the immune
system fails to recognize self from non-self, leading to an
immune response against the body's own cells and tissues.
2. How does hypertension contribute to the development of
heart failure?
a) Increased blood pressure causes the heart muscle to
become stronger and more efficient.
b) Hypertension leads to the buildup of fatty plaques in the
coronary arteries.
c) Elevated blood pressure increases the workload on the
heart, leading to myocardial remodeling.
d) Hypertension causes the heart valves to function
improperly, leading to decreased cardiac output.
Answer: c) Elevated blood pressure increases the workload
on the heart, leading to myocardial remodeling
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