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1. A 65-year-old male patient with a history of hypertension, diabetes and
smoking is admitted to the hospital with chest pain and shortness of
breath. He is diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and is
scheduled for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Which of the
following nursing interventions is most appropriate for this patient before
the procedure?
a) Administer oxygen, aspirin, nitroglycerin and morphine as prescribed.
b) Monitor vital signs, cardiac rhythm and oxygen saturation
continuously.
c) Educate the patient about the procedure, risks and benefits, and obtain
informed consent.
d) All of the above.*
Rationale: The patient with AMI needs immediate treatment to restore
blood flow to the ischemic myocardium and prevent further damage.
Oxygen, aspirin, nitroglycerin and morphine are given to reduce the
oxygen demand of the heart, prevent platelet aggregation, dilate the
coronary arteries and relieve pain. Vital signs, cardiac rhythm and oxygen
saturation are monitored to assess the patient's hemodynamic status and
detect any complications such as arrhythmias, hypotension or hypoxia.
Education and informed consent are essential to ensure that the patient
understands the procedure and its risks and benefits, and agrees to undergo
it.
2. A 50-year-old female patient with a history of migraine headaches is
admitted to the hospital with sudden onset of severe headache, nausea,
vomiting and photophobia. She is diagnosed with subarachnoid
hemorrhage (SAH) due to a ruptured cerebral aneurysm. Which of the
following nursing interventions is most appropriate for this patient during
the acute phase?
a) Elevate the head of the bed to 30 degrees and maintain a quiet and dark
environment.
b) Administer antihypertensive, anticonvulsant and analgesic medications
as prescribed.
c) Monitor neurological status, vital signs, intracranial pressure (ICP) and
fluid balance frequently.
d) All of the above.*
Rationale: The patient with SAH needs to be managed in a way tha
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