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1. A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) is prescribed albuterol inhaler for bronchodilation.
The nurse instructs the patient to use the inhaler as needed,
but not more than four times a day. The nurse also teaches
the patient about the possible side effects of albuterol, such
as:
a) Hypotension and bradycardia
b) Hypertension and tachycardia*
c) Hypoglycemia and tremors
d) Hyperglycemia and drowsiness
Rationale: Albuterol is a beta-2 agonist that stimulates the
beta-2 receptors in the bronchial smooth muscle, causing
bronchodilation. It can also stimulate the beta-1 receptors
in the heart, causing increased heart rate and blood
pressure. Therefore, hypertension and tachycardia are
common side effects of albuterol.
2. A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus is prescribed
metformin to lower blood glucose levels. The nurse
monitors the patient for signs of lactic acidosis, which is a
rare but serious complication of metformin therapy. The
nurse should notify the physician immediately if the patient
exhibits any of the following symptoms, except:
a) Nausea and vomiting
b) Abdominal pain and diarrhea
c) Muscle weakness and cramps
d) Fever and chills*
Rationale: Lactic acidosis is a condition in which lactate
accumulates in the blood, causing metabolic acidosis. It canÂÂ
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