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1. A nurse is preparing to administer 0.9% NaCl (normal saline solution)
to a client who has dehydration. Which of the following statements is true
about this type of IV fluid?
a) It is isotonic and has the same concentration of solutes as blood plasma.
b) It is hypotonic and has lesser concentration of solutes than blood
plasma.
c) It is hypertonic and has greater concentration of solutes than blood
plasma.
d) It is a colloid and contains large molecules that do not cross the
capillary membrane.
Answer: A
Rationale: 0.9% NaCl is an isotonic solution that has the same osmolarity
as blood plasma. It is used to replace fluid losses without causing fluid
shifts between compartments.
2. A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and
is receiving intravenous therapy with dextrose 5% in water (D5W). The
nurse knows that this type of IV fluid is:
a) Isotonic in the bag but becomes hypotonic in the body as dextrose is
metabolized.
b) Hypotonic in the bag but becomes isotonic in the body as dextrose is
metabolized.
c) Hypertonic in the bag but becomes isotonic in the body as dextrose is
metabolized.
d) Hypertonic in the bag but becomes hypotonic in the body as dextrose is
metabolized.
Answer: A
Rationale: D5W is isotonic in the bag but becomes hypotonic in the body
as dextrose is rapidly metabolized by cells, leaving only water. It is used
to provide calories and water, and to treat hypernatremia and DKA.
3. A nurse is monitoring a client who is receiving intravenous therapy
with lactated Ringer's solution. The nurse understands that this type of IV
fluid contains:
a) Sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, and lactate.
b) Sodium, potassium, magnesium, bicarbonate, and phosphate.
c) Sodium, chloride, acetate, gluconate, and malate.
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