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1. A patient with chronic kidney disease is at risk for developing which
type of electrolyte imbalance?
 A. Hyperkalemia
 B. Hypokalemia
 C. Hyponatremia
 D. Hypercalcemia
 Answer: A. Hyperkalemia
 Rationale: Chronic kidney disease can result in impaired kidney
function, leading to decreased excretion of potassium, thus increasing the
risk of hyperkalemia.
2. Which condition is commonly associated with hypocalcemia?
 A. Dehydration
 B. Pancreatitis
 C. Hypoparathyroidism
 D. Hyperthyroidism
 Answer: C. Hypoparathyroidism
 Rationale: Hypoparathyroidism leads to decreased production of
parathyroid hormone, which is essential for calcium regulation, resulting
in hypocalcemia.
3. An ECG change commonly seen in hyperkalemia is:
 A. Prolonged PR interval
 B. Widened QRS complex
 C. Peaked T waves
 D. ST elevation
 Answer: C. Peaked T waves
 Rationale: Hyperkalemia affects cardiac conduction and can lead to
characteristic ECG changes, including peaked T waves.
4. The nurse recognizes that a patient with which of the following
conditions is at risk for hypernatremia?
 A. Excessive IV fluid administration
 B. Diarrhea
 C. Congestive heart failure
 D. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
 Answer: B. Diarrhea
 Rationale: Diarrhea can lead to loss of water more than sodium,
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