NURSING TEST EXAM DIABETES MELLITUS NCLEX QUIZ 1 25 Q&A’S WITH RATIONALES (GUARANTEED PASS) | RATED A+

NURSING TEST EXAM DIABETES MELLITUS NCLEX QUIZ 1 25 Q&A’S WITH RATIONALES (GUARANTEED PASS) | RATED A+
1. Knowing that gluconeogenesis helps to maintain blood glucose levels, a nurse should:
o A. Document weight changes because of fatty acid mobilization.
o B. Evaluate the patient’s sensitivity to low room temperatures because of
decreased adipose tissue insulation.
o C. Protect the patient from sources of infection because of decreased cellular
protein deposits.
o D. Do all of the above.
Correct answer: D. Do all of the above
All measures ensure gluconeogenesis in maintaining glucose homeostasis. The purpose of
gluconeogenesis is to maintain blood glucose levels during a fast. In the human body, some
tissues rely almost exclusively on glucose as a metabolic fuel source.
ï‚· Option A: Fatty acid oxidation is indispensable for gluconeogenesis; although
fatty acid carbon cannot be used for glucose, fat oxidation provides both an
energy source (ATP) to support gluconeogenesis and acetyl coenzyme A (acetylCoA) to activate pyruvate carboxylase.
ï‚· Option B: Cold exposure is associated with hypothalamic signals to constrict the
peripheral blood vessels, minimize sweat production, and increase metabolic heat
production (i.e., shivering and nonshivering thermogenesis) during prolonged
and/or severe cold exposure to prevent dangerous drops in core temperature.
ï‚· Option C: A protein deficit can also take its toll on the immune system. Impaired
immune function may increase the risk or severity of infections, a common
symptom of severe protein deficiency.
2. The nurse is admitting a patient diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse should
expect the following symptoms during an assessment, except:
ï‚· A. Hypoglycemia
ï‚· B. Frequent bruising
ï‚· C. Ketonuria
ï‚· D. Dry mouth
Correct answer: A. Hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia does not occur in type 2 diabetes unless the patient is on insulin therapy or taking
other diabetes medication. In T2DM, the response to insulin is diminished, and this is defined as
insulin resistance. During this state, insulin is ineffective and is initially countered by an increase
in insulin production to maintain glucose homeostasis, but over time, insulin production
decreases, resulting in T2DM.
ï‚· Option B: Type 2 diabetes can affect blood circulation which makes it easier for
the skin to bruise. Decreased blood flow to the area surrounding an injury
prevents a wound from healing properly, resulting in the development of bruiselike lesions or spots.
ï‚· Option C: The presence of ketones in the urine happens due to a lack of available
insulin. T1DM patients can often present with ketoacidosis (DKA) coma as the
first manifestation in about 30% of patients.
ï‚· Option D: Losing a lot of fluids caused by frequent urination can lead to
dehydration hence patients can develop dry mouth. People with diabetes are prone
to dehydration. In those with diabetes, a person’s blood glucose levels can
become too high. The term for this is hyperglycemia, and it can cause a person to
experience dry mouth.
3. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) test measures the average blood glucose control of an
individual over the previous three months. Which of the following values is considered a
diagnosis of pre-diabetes?
ï‚· A. 6.5-7%

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