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1. What is protein synthesis and why is it essential for maintaining cellular
function in the human body?
Answer: Protein synthesis refers to the process by which cells build
proteins from amino acids. This process is crucial for various biological
functions such as enzyme reactions, cell growth and division, immune
response, and tissue repair. It provides the necessary components for
building and maintaining the structural and functional elements of cells,
tissues, and organs.
Rationale: Assessing the students' understanding of the fundamental
concept of protein synthesis and its significance in maintaining cellular
function is crucial for their knowledge development in nursing.
2. Describe the steps involved in protein synthesis, starting from the
transcription process.
Answer: The steps involved in protein synthesis are transcription and
translation. Transcription occurs in the nucleus, where DNA is transcribed
into RNA. During this process, the DNA sequence is copied by RNA
polymerase to form a messenger RNA (mRNA).
Rationale: Assessing the students' understanding of the transcription
process helps determine their grasp of the initial step in protein synthesis.
3. What is the role of RNA polymerase enzyme during transcription?
Answer: RNA polymerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of
mRNA by assembling nucleotides complementary to the DNA template
strand. It allows the process of DNA transcription to occur, leading to the
formation of mRNA.
Rationale: Evaluating the students' comprehension of the role of RNAÂ
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