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1. What are the key macronutrients and micronutrients that are vital for
the well-being of aging and aged individuals? Provide rationales for each
nutrient's importance in their diet.
Answer: The key macronutrients for aging and aged individuals are
carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, while the essential micronutrients
include vitamins (such as vitamin C, D, and B12) and minerals (such as
calcium, iron, and zinc). These nutrients play crucial roles in maintaining
energy levels, supporting muscle and bone health, and promoting immune
function among older adults.
2. How does the aging process affect an individual's nutritional
requirements? Explain the changes that occur with age, and provide
examples of how nutrition requirements may differ from those of younger
adults.
Answer: The aging process influences nutritional requirements due to
factors such as reduced appetite, decreased absorption and metabolism,
muscle loss, and changes in taste and smell. Older individuals may have
increased protein needs to prevent muscle wasting and require more
calcium and vitamin D to maintain bone health. Additionally, a decrease
in energy expenditure may require adjustments in calorie intake to avoid
weight gain.
3. Discuss the risks and consequences of malnutrition in the aging
population. Explain the link between malnutrition and common health
conditions encountered among the elderly.
Answer: Malnutrition in the aging population can lead to various health
issues, including weakened immune function, increased risk of infections,
impaired wound healing, muscle weakness, and anemia. It can also
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