NYSTCE CST MULTISUBJECT PART 3 (245) Questions and Answers

NYSTCE CST MULTISUBJECT PART 3 (245) Questions and Answers
Scientific Inquiry - Answer- The diverse ways in which scientists study the natural world
and propose explanations based on the evidence derived from their work.
Features of Scientific Inquiry - Answer- 1. Learner engages in scientifically oriented
questions
2. Learner gives priority to evidence in responding to questions
3. Learner formulates explanations from evidence
4. Learner connects explanations to scientific knowledge
5. Learner communicates and justifies explanations
Steps of Scientific Inquiry - Answer- 1. Figure out the problem - use 5 senses, observe
world around you
2. Research - educate yourself on how to solve your problem/answer question, go to
library/online/ask an expert, gather information
3. Hypothesis - educated guess on how to solve your problem/answer question (if ...
then ...)
4. Experiment
5. Analyze results
6. Conclusion - did you solve your problem/answer question? why/why not? what is
next?
7. Communicate your results
Earth-Moon-Sun Interactions - Answer- 1. Rotation and Revolution
2. Moon Phases
3. Eclipses
4. Seasons
5. Tides
1. Rotation and Revolution - Answer- The moon and Earth revolve and rotate. Rotation
is when a planet or moon turns all the way around or spins on its axis one time.
The axis of rotation is an imaginary line going from the north pole to the south pole.
When a planet or moon travels once around an object this is considered a revolution.
On Earth, a rotation is pretty short - it happens once a day! It is the rotation that makes
the sun appear to come up in the morning and set at night. On Earth, a revolution is
quite a bit longer - one year!
The moon is a little different. The moon rotates once about every 27-29 days, and
revolves once about every 27-29 days. So every time the moon goes around Earth it
turns around one time. That is why the moon always looks the same - we only ever see
one side of it!
2. Moon Phases - Answer- The Moon has phases because it orbits Earth, which causes
the portion we see illuminated to change.
NYSTCE CST MULTISUBJECT PART 3 (245)
The Moon takes 27.3 days to orbit Earth, but the lunar phase cycle (from new Moon to
new Moon) is 29.5 days.
The Moon spends the extra 2.2 days "catching up" because Earth travels about 45
million miles around the Sun during the time the Moon completes one orbit around
Earth.
At the new Moon phase, the Moon is so close to the Sun in the sky that none of the side
facing Earth is illuminated. In other words, the Moon is between Earth and Sun.
At first quarter, the half-lit Moon is highest in the sky at sunset, then sets about six hours
later.
At full Moon, the Moon is behind Earth in space with respect to the Sun. As the Sun
sets, the Moon rises with the side that faces Earth fully exposed to sunlight.
3. Eclipses - Answer- An eclipse occurs at those times when the Moon moves into a
position of direct alignment with the Sun and the Earth.
There are two basic types of eclipses - lunar and solar.
Total lunar eclipse: when the full Moon passes through the shadow of the Earth. In this
case, the Sun and the Moon are on opposite sides of the Earth. If you observe a lunar
eclipse (visible only at night at the time of certain full Moons), you'll see the bright lunar
disk turn dark -- sometimes a coppery red color -- for as long as an hour or more.
Total solar eclipse: which occurs when the new Moon passes directly between the Sun
and the Earth.
In the narrow path of totality swept across the Earth by the Moon's complete shadow
(the umbra), daytime briefly turns to an eerie darkness, and during these few precious
minutes the wispy halo of the Sun - the corona -comes into view as the dark disk of the
Moon totally obscures the bright Sun.
Outside the path of totality, in the Moon's partial shadow (the penumbra), some portion
of the Sun's bright disk remains visible.
4. Seasons - Answer- The seasons are the result of the tilt of the Earth's axis. The
Earth's axis is tilted from perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptic by 23.45°. This tilting
is what gives us the four seasons of the year - spring, summer, autumn (fall) and winter.
Since the axis is tilted, different parts of the globe are oriented towards the Sun at
different times of the year. Summer is warmer than winter (in each hemisphere)
because the Sun's rays hit the Earth at a more direct angle during summer than during
winter and also because the days are much longer than the nights during the summer.
During the winter, the Sun's rays hit the Earth at an extreme angle, and the days are
very short. These effects are due to the tilt of the Earth's axis.
Solstices
The solstices are days when the Sun reaches its farthest northern and southern
declinations. The winter solstice occurs on December 21 or 22 and marks the beginning
of winter (this is the shortest day of the year). The summer solstice occurs on June 21
and marks the beginning of summer (this is the longest day of the year).

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