Official June 2026 AQA A-level PHILOSOPHY 7172/1 Paper 1 Epistemology and moral philosophy Merged Question Paper + Mark Scheme (67pages)

Section A box Epistemology Answer all questions in this section. 0 1 What is meant by (a) a necessary condition and (b) a sufficient condition? [3 marks] 0 2 How does the argument from perceptual variation present an issue for direct realism? [5 marks] 3 3 *03* Turn over ► IB/M/Jun24/7172/1 Do not write outside the box Extra space 0 3 Explain how Bertrand Russell responds to scepticism by arguing that the external world is the ‘best hypothesis’. [5 marks] 5 4 *04* IB/M/Jun24/7172/1 Do not write outside the box Extra space 5 5 *05* Turn over ► IB/M/Jun24/7172/1 Do not write outside the 0 4 box Explain Descartes’ cogito and an empiricist response to it. [12 marks] 6 *06* IB/M/Jun24/7172/1 Do not write outside the box 7 *07* Turn over ► IB/M/Jun24/7172/1 Do not write outside the Extra space box 12 8 *08* IB/M/Jun24/7172/1 Do not write outside the 0 5 box Is there a successful way in which propositional knowledge can be defined? [25 marks] 9 *09* Turn over ► IB/M/Jun24/7172/1 Do not write outside the box 10 *10* IB/M/Jun24/7172/1 Do not write outside the box 11 *11* Turn over ► IB/M/Jun24/7172/1 Do not write outside the box 12 *12* IB/M/Jun24/7172/1 Do not write outside the box 13 *13*