over a number of accounting periods. Examples include

kickbacks Flashcards remittance adviceA copy of the sales invoice returned with a customer's payment that indicates the invoices, statements, or other items being paid.Estimatesentries that reflect a portion of expenses expected to occur over a number of accounting periods. Examples include depreciation and bad-debt expenses.foreign keyAn attribute in a table that is also a primary key in another table; used to link the two tables.XBRLeXtensible Business Reporting Language is a variant of XML (eXtensible Markup Language) specifically designed for use in communicating the content of financial data.throughputA measure of production efficiency representing the number of "good" units produced in a given period of time.audit trailA path that allows a transaction to be traced through a data processing system from point of origin to output or backwards from output to point of origin.responsibility accountingA system of reporting financial results on the basis of managerial responsibilities within an organization.manufacturing resource planning (MRP-II) An extension of materials requirements planning that seeks to balance existing production capacity and raw materials needs to meet forecasted sales demands. Also referred to as push manufacturing because goods are produced in expectation of customer demand.purchase requisitionA document or electronic form that identifies the requisitioner; specifies the delivery location and date needed; identifies the item numbers, descriptions, quantity, and price of each item requested; and may suggest a supplier.bill of ladingA legal contract that defines responsibility for goods while they are in transit.packing slipA document listing the quantity and description of each item included in a shipment.economic order quantity (EOQ)The optimal order size to minimize the sum of ordering, carrying, and stockout costs.back orderA document authorizing the purchase or production of items that is created when there is insufficient inventory to meet customer orders.just-in-time (JIT) inventory systemA system that minimizes or virtually eliminates inventories by purchasing and producing goods only in response to actual, rather than forecasted, sales.

bill of materialsA document that specifies the part number, description, and quantity of each component used in a product.balanced scorecardA management report that measures four dimensions of

performance: financial, internal operations, innovation and

learning, and customer perspectives of the organization.Correctionsentries made to counteract the effects of errors found in the general ledger.journal voucher fileA file that stores all journal entries used to update the general ledger.database administrator (DBA)The person responsible for coordinating, controlling, and managing the database.blanket purchase order or blanket orderA commitment to purchase specified items at designated prices from a particular supplier for a set time period, often one year.databaseA set of interrelated, centrally coordinated data files that are stored with as little data redundancy as possible.credit memoA document, approved by the credit manager, authorizing the billing department to credit a customer's account.picking ticketA document that lists the items and quantities ordered and authorizing the inventory control function to release that merchandise to the shipping department.credit limitThe maximum allowable credit account balance for each customer, based on past credit history and ability to pay.Revaluationsentries made to reflect either differences between the actual and recorded value of an asset or a change in accounting principle. Examples include a change in the method used to value inventory, reducing the value of inventory to reflect obsolescence, or adjusting inventory records to reflect the results noted during a physical count of inventory.expenditure cycleA recurring set of business activities and related data processing operations associated with the purchase of and payment for goods and services.database management system (DBMS)The program that manages and controls the data and the interfaces between the data and the application programs that use the data stored in the database.primary keyDatabase attribute, or combination of attributes, that uniquely identifies each row in a table.Accrualsentries made at the end of the accounting period to reflect events that have occurred but for which cash has not yet been received or disbursed. Examples include the recording of interest revenue earned and wages payable.purchase orderA document that formally requests a supplier to sell and deliver specified products at designated prices. It is also a promise to pay and becomes a contract once the supplier

accepts it.CAD/CAMdesigning and manufacturing a product using computers

electronic funds transfer (EFT)The transfer of funds through use of online banking software.production orderA document authorizing the manufacture of a specified quantity of a particular product.lockboxA postal address to which customers send their remittances. The company's bank opens the lockbox, deposits the customer checks in the company's account, and sends a list of customer remittances to the company.reorder pointSpecifies the level to which the inventory balance of an item must fall before an order to replenish stock is initiated.Deferralsentries made at the end of the accounting period to reflect the exchange of cash prior to performance of the related event. Examples include recognizing advance payments from customers as a liability and recording certain payments (e.g., rent, interest, and insurance) as prepaid assets.sales invoiceA document notifying customers of the amount of a sale and where to send payment.flexible budgetA budget in which the amounts are stated in terms of formulas based upon actual level of activity.receiving reportA document that records details about each delivery, including the date received, shipper, supplier, and quantity received.kickbacksGifts given by suppliers to purchasing agents for the purpose of influencing their choice of suppliers.sales orderThe document created during sales order entry listing the item numbers, quantities, prices, and terms of the sale.