PAS 535 GI Patho Exam

PAS 535 GI Patho Exam
What regulates flow from the esophagus?
lower esophageal sphincter
In the LES, distal esophageal muscles are an __________ mechanism
internal
In the LES, the diaphragm muscle is an __________ mechanism
external
The LES is mediated by the __________ nervous system
parasympathetic
What moves into the proximal esophagus when LES is incompetent?
HCl (gastric acid)
What is the cause of GERD?
weak or incompetent LES
What is a disorder of the esophagus with pathological reflux?
GERD
What exacerbates GERD symptoms?
- laying flat
- foods
- EtOH
- pregnancy
Why does pregnancy exacerbate GERD?
increase in intra-abdominal pressure
What is the hallmark manifestation of GERD?
Heartburn
What are other common symptoms of GERD?
- belching
- sore throat
- dry cough
- abd pain
What are the complications of GERD?
- Barrett's esophagitis
- strictures
- ulcers
- esophageal CA

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