Patho 241 Exam 2 Newest Update Actual Exam Questions with Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers) Graded A+

Patho 241 Exam 2 Newest Update Actual Exam Questions with Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers) Graded A+
what should you do to raise CO2 level in bloodstream? - Correct Answer - hold your
breath
What should you do to lower CO2 level in bloodstream? - Correct Answer -
hyperventilate
HCO3 - Correct Answer - bicarbonate
-controlled by kidneys
-changes occur slowly
3 buffer systems include: - Correct Answer - -bicarbonate buffer system
-phosphate buffer system
-Hemoglobin buffer system
Bicarbonate buffer system - Correct Answer - weak acid: carbonic acid
weak base: sodium bicarbonate
The normal immune response protects the body, but hypersensitivity reactions result in:
- Correct Answer - tissue injury and disease
Type 1 Hypersensitivity reactions - Correct Answer - -IgE mediated
-atopic and non atopic reactions
pg. 2
Atopic Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions: - Correct Answer - Common allergies:
-allergic rhinitis
-allergic asthma
-food allergies
Non-atopic Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions: - Correct Answer - -anaphylaxis
-hives
-angioedema
during anaphylaxis, plasma cell produces IgE antibodies (reagin) with help from: -
Correct Answer - T lymphocytes
Type 2 hypersensitivity reactions: - Correct Answer - Cytotoxic disorders
-antibody mediated (IgG and IgM)
Examples of type 2 hypersensitivity reactions - Correct Answer - - blood transfusion
reactions
-hemolytic disease of the newborn
-some drug reactions
Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions: - Correct Answer - Immune Complex disorders
-antigen-antibody complexes activate the complement system
-Serum sickness
Serum Sickness - Correct Answer - -type of type 3 hypersensitivity reaction (immune
complex disorder)
-can occur with antibiotics, food, drugs, insect venoms
pg. 3
Mechanism of Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions: - Correct Answer - 1. antigen antibody
complex forms in blood
2. deposits itself in tissues
activation of complement attracts neutrophils to those tissues
3. tissue destruction occurs
4. enzymes and free radicals are released
Type 4 hypersensitivity reactions: - Correct Answer - Delayed hypersensitivity
-cell mediated
Ex:
-tuberculin test
-Poison Ivy
Examples of Type 4 hypersensitivity reactions: - Correct Answer - -TB test
-poison Ivy
Mechanism of type 4 hypersensitivity reactions: - Correct Answer - 1. exposure to
hasten with formation of complete antigen
2. recognition and processing of antigen by antigen processing cell (APC)
3. migration of APC to lymph nodes where antigens are presented to T cells
4. Release of cytokines that stimulate proliferation of T cells and activate macrophages
5. activated T cells and macrophages migrate to epidermis, release inflammatory
mediators, and cause cell destruction

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