PATHO 370 In Class Assignment 6 with Questions and Answers

PATHO 370 In Class Assignment 6 with Questions and Answers
Case 1
1. The risk factors that L.B/ have that predispose her to development of gallstones were that
she is a woman, pregnancy in the past, 40 pounds overweight, eating fatty foods and
ethnicity as Caucasian (Copstead & Banasik, 2019, p 745).
2. Fatty foods are associated with an exacerbation of symptoms because increase of fatty
foods increases the release of bile from gallbladder. This causes supersaturation of bile
with cholesterol, nucleation of crystals; and hypomotility, allowing gallstones to grow
(Copstead & Banasik, 2019, p 744).
3. The relationship between gallstones and cholecystitis is that the cholecystitis is an
inflammation of the gallbladder wall and presence of gallbladder causes inflammation
which causes the gallbladder wall to be fibrosis and thicken (Copstead & Banasik, 2019,
p 746).
4. The option for the surgical removal of the gallbladder is the cholecystectomy. Also, there
are other treatments like chemical dissolution of gallstones, or lithotripsy, which mean
breaking up the gallstones with gallbladder (Copstead & Banasik, 2019, p 747).
5. L.B continue to secrete bile after laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery because the bile
is produced from the liver. Gallbladder only modifies and stores the bile before secretion
into the intestine (Copstead & Banasik, 2019, p 743).
Case 2
1. The common manifestations of alcoholic cirrhosis are losing muscle tone, bruising eaily,
loss of appetite and weight loss, jaundice (yellowing of skin and eyes), and bleeding in your mouth or vomits blood (Symptoms, 2017). The jaundice is considered secondary to
hepatocellular failure (Copstead & Banasik, 2019, p 755). In alcoholic cirrhosis,
esophageal varices are secondary to portal hypertension.
2. F.C. is at particular risk for GI bleeding because a patient with alcoholic cirrhosis, GI
bleeding is serious complication and it is the main cause of death for those patients
(Copstead & Banasik, 2019, p 759).
3. The probable cause of F.C.’s progressive mental deterioration is hepatic encephalopathy
and this ranges mild confusion and lethargy to stupor and coma. His mental deterioration
can be medically managed by first by identifying the factors such as GI bleeding. Also, a
patient may receive peripheral or central glucose infusions (Copstead & Banasik, 2019, p
763).
4. If F.C.’s abrupt cessation of alcohol intake while hospitalized, F.C. will be closely
monitor by the healthcare provider about alcohol cessation, but he might become
disoriented, have hallucinations and even seizures may occur.
Case 3
1. Mr. Sander probably had type 2 dysphagia, and the causes of the dysphagia are
esophageal diverticula, or outpouchings of one or more layers of the esophageal wall,
achalasia, a disorder of esophageal smooth muscle function, and structural disorders such
as neoplasms or strictures (Copstead & Banasik, 2019, p 721).
2. An advice given to Mr. Sander regarding his OTC medication at this time is that he
should discontinue to take his OTC medication whenever he has difficulty of swallowing
or have a feeling of medication being stuck to his throat.

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