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1. A patient with type 2 diabetes has been advised to follow
a low-carbohydrate diet. Explain how this diet can help to
control the blood glucose level of the patient. (4 marks)
Answer: A low-carbohydrate diet can help to control the
blood glucose level of the patient by reducing the intake of
glucose from food sources. This can lower the demand for
insulin, which is the hormone that regulates the uptake of
glucose into cells. Insulin resistance is a common feature of
type 2 diabetes, which means that the cells do not respond
well to insulin and do not take up enough glucose from the
blood. By reducing the glucose intake, the patient can
avoid high blood glucose levels that can cause
complications such as nerve damage, kidney damage and
cardiovascular disease. (4 marks)
2. A researcher is investigating the effect of different types
of lipids on the membrane fluidity of red blood cells. She
extracts the lipids from the membranes of red blood cells
and separates them by thin-layer chromatography (TLC).
She then measures the distance travelled by each lipid on
the TLC plate and calculates the Rf value for each lipid.
The Rf value is the ratio of the distance travelled by the
lipid to the distance travelled by the solvent. She obtains
the following results:
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