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1. Compare and contrast the presidential and parliamentary
systems of government, using examples from at least two
countries for each system. (10 marks)
Answer: Presidential systems are characterized by a
separation of powers between the executive and the
legislative branches, where the president is directly elected
by the people and serves as both the head of state and the
head of government. Parliamentary systems are
characterized by a fusion of powers between the executive
and the legislative branches, where the prime minister is
indirectly elected by the parliament and serves as the head
of government, while the head of state is usually a
ceremonial figure. Examples of presidential systems
include the United States, Brazil, and Mexico. Examples of
parliamentary systems include the United Kingdom,
Germany, and India.
Rationale: This question assesses the students' ability to
identify and explain the main features and differences of
two common types of democratic systems, using relevant
examples to illustrate their points.
2. Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of federalism
as a form of political organization, using examples from at
least two countries that have adopted it. (10 marks)
Answer: Federalism is a form of political organization
where power is divided between a central government and
regional or state governments, each with its ownÂÂ
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