Pediatric Cardiovascular Disorders Exam

Pediatric Cardiovascular Disorders Exam
The nurse is providing information to the parents of a toddler who is scheduled for
surgery for the replacement of the pulmonic valve. The parents have many questions
about the function of the valve. Which information from the nurse is correct?
1. The valve must work correctly to get oxygen from the lungs to the body.
2. If the valve does not work correctly, blood is kept from entering the heart.
3. When the valve is defective, the blood leaving the heart is decreased.
4. A defect in the valve causes less blood to get to the lungs for oxygenation.
When there is a defect in the right pulmonic valve, the blood has difficulty leaving the
right ventricle and getting to the lungs for reoxygenation. This explanation by the nurse
correctly describes the function of the valve and the purpose of the surgery.
1 This is incorrect. The aortic valve must work correctly for oxygenated blood to be
carried from the left side of the heart to the rest of the body.
2 This is incorrect. Blood must enter the right side of the heart from the body in order to
be reoxygenated. The unoxygenated blood enters the right atrium through the tricuspid
valve into the right ventricle.
3 This is incorrect. A defect in the aortic valve would cause problems with oxygenated
blood leaving the left ventricle.
The nurse is teaching a pediatric electrocardiogram (EKG) class to nurses in a pediatric
cardiac unit. Which anatomical structure does the nurse use to describe the initiation of
cardiac electrical conduction?
1. The Purkinje fibers in the ventricles
2. The bundle branch in the left atrium
3. The sinoatrial node in the right atrium
4. The bundle of His in the ventricle walls
From the SA, the electrical impulse is conducted to the fibers called the bundle of His
located in the walls of the ventricles. The process of electrical conduction does not start
here.
1 This is incorrect. The Purkinje fibers are located in the ventricles; however, the
process of electrical conduction does not start here. The fibers initiate contractions of
the ventricles.
2 This is incorrect. The bundle branches are divided into either left or right bundles;
however, the process of electrical conduction does not start here.
3 This is correct. When teaching the electrical conduction of the heart, the nurse starts
with the sinoatrial (SA) node in the right ventricle, which is known as the pacemaker of
the heart.

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