PEDIATRICS HESI QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

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PEDIATRICS HESI QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

2024 - 2025 EXAM QUESTIONS

Actual Qs and Ans Expert-Verified Explanation

This Exam contains:

-Guarantee passing score -99 Questions and Answers -format set of multiple-choice -Expert-Verified Explanation Question 1: A female teenager is taking oral tetracycline HCL (Achromycin V) for acne vulgaris. What is the most important instruction for the nurse to include in this client's teaching plan?Use sunscreen when lying by the pool.Cleanse the skin at least 4 times a day.Take the medication with a glass of milk.Menstrual periods may become irregular.

Answer:

Use sunscreen when lying by the pool.Photosensitivity is a common side effect of tetracycline HCL (Achromycin V) therapy. Severe sunburn can occur with minimal sun exposure and clients should be instructed to avoid sunlight and to use sunscreen (A). (B and

• are not related to tetracycline HCL (Achromycin V) therapy. (C) should be avoided because dairy

products interfere with the absorption of tetracyclines.Question 2: A 6-year-old is admitted to the pediatric unit after falling off a bicycle. Which intervention should the nurse implement to assist the child's adjustment to hospitalization?Explain hospital schedules to the child, such as mealtimes.Use terms, such as "honey" and "dear," to show a caring attitude.Provide a list of rules that limits visitation of siblings in the hospital.Orient the parents to the hospital unit and refreshment areas.

Answer:

Explain hospital schedules to the child, such as mealtimes.Altered daily schedules and loss of rituals are upsetting to children and increase separation anxiety, and active sensitivity to the needs of children can minimize the negative effects of hospitalization. Explaining the hospital schedules (A) and establishing an individual schedule familiarizes the child to the hospital environment and decreases anxiety. (B) depersonalizes the child who should be addressed by name.Family and sibling visitation should be recommended and encouraged without limitation (C). Although (D) should be implemented, the direct involvement of the school-aged child incorporates the child's sense of initiate and cooperation.Question 3: 3. A 3-week-old newborn is brought to the clinic for follow-up after a home birth.The mother reports that her child bottle feeds for 5 minutes only and then falls asleep. The nurse auscultates a loud murmur characteristic of a ventricular septal defect (VSD), and finds the newborn is acyanotic with a respiratory rate of 64 breaths per minute. What instruction should the nurse provide the mother to ensure the infant is receiving adequate intake? (Select all that apply.)

Answer:

• Monitor the the infant's weight and number of wet diapers per day. - child should at least have 6 wet

diapers per day.

• Increase the infant's intake per feeding by 1 to 2 ounces per week.- child is always fatigue, need to

increase to 30 oz a day

• Allow the infant to rest and re-feed on demand or every 2 hours.- child is always fatigue, this will

ensure adequate feeding.

• Use a softer nipple or increase the size of the nipple opening.- this will save energy

Question 4: A child is rescued from a burning house and brought to the emergency room with partial-thickness burns on the face and chest. Which action should the nurse implemented first?Insert an indwelling urinary catheter.Administer IV pain medication.Collect blood specimen for laboratory studies.Assess the child's respiratory status.

Answer:

Assess the child's respiratory status.Assessing the airway and the respiratory status is the highest priority (D) since burns to the face and chest place the child at risk for smoke inhalation injury and compromised airway. (A, B, and

• are implemented after (D)

Question 5: The nurse is caring for a 12-year-old with Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH). This child should be carefully assessed for which complication?Poor skin turgor resulting from dehydration.Changes in level of consciousness.Premature aging as the disease progresses.Severe edema from an excess of water and sodium.

Answer:

Changes in level of consciousness.The child must be monitored for signs and symptoms of hyponatremia, which creates secondary central nervous system alterations such as changes in level of consciousness, seizure, and coma (B). Fluid overload occurs with SIADH, not (A) (which occurs with diabetes insipidus). (C) is caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone, not SIADH. (D) is not found in children with SIADH because edema is caused by an excess of both water and sodium.Question 6: The nurse is assessing a 2-year-old. What behavior indicates that the child's language development is within normal limits?Is able to name four colors.Can count five blocks.Is capable of making a three word sentence.Half of child's speech is understandable.

Answer:

Half of child's speech is understandable.Between approximately 15 and 24 months of age, a child's speech is only half understandable (D). (A and

• usually occur between 3 and 5 years of age. (C) is usually accomplished by 18 months of age.

Question 7: The nurse is planning care for school-aged children at a community care center.Which activity is best for the children?Building model airplanes.Playing follow-the-leader.Stringing large and small beads.Playing with Playdough and clay.

Answer:

Playing follow-the-leader.School-aged children strive for independence and productivity (Erikson's Industry vs. Inferiority) and enjoy individual and group activities related to real-life situations, such as playing follow-the-leader (B).(A) is an individual activity that could contribute to feelings of inferiority and inadequacy if the task is too complex. Although school-aged children enjoy crafts, (C and

• are more appropriate for pre-school children.

Question 8: A 14-year-old female client tells the nurse that she is concerned about the acne she has recently developed. Which recommendation should the nurse provide?Remove all blackheads and follow with an alcohol scrub.Use medicated cosmetics only to help hide the blemishes.Wash the hair and skin frequently with soap and hot water.Encourage her to see a dermatologist as soon as possible.

Answer:

Wash the hair and skin frequently with soap and hot water.Washing the hair and skin with soap and hot water (C) removes oil and debris from the skin and helps prevent and treat acne. Oily skin is especially bothersome during adolescence when hormones cause enlargement of sebaceous glands and increased glandular secretions which predispose the teenager to acne. (A) is contraindicated. Cosmetics ("medicated" or not) should be used sparingly to avoid further blocking sebaceous gland ducts (B). (D) might be indicated at a later time, if healthcare recommendations are not successful.Question 9: A 15-year-old girl tells the school nurse that all of her friends have started their periods and she feels abnormal because she has not. Which response is best for the nurse provide?Refer the adolescent to the healthcare provider for a pregnancy screen.Schedule a conference with her parents to recommend hormone therapy.Explain that menarche varies and occurs between the ages of 12 and 18 years.Suggest that she use diversions to help her not worry about delayed menarche.

Answer:

Explain that menarche varies and occurs between the ages of 12 and 18 years.The nurse should provide a factual and reassuring explanation that focuses on individual variations of menarche, which can normally occur between 12 and 18 years of age (C). (A) does not address the adolescent's concern and is judgmental. Menarche is influenced by hereditary, general health, and nutritional status, so (B) is not indicated. (D) dismisses the adolescent's concerns and does not offer factual information.Question 10: When discussing discipline with the mother of a 4-year-old child, the nurse should include which guideline?Parental control should be consistent.Children as young as 4 years rarely need reprimand or punishment.Withdrawal of approval is effective.Parents should enforce rigid rules to be followed without question.

Answer:

Parental control should be consistent.Discipline should be a positive and necessary component of childrearing that is started in infancy and should teach socially acceptable behavior, help children protect themselves from danger, and channel undesirable behavior into constructive activity. Misbehavior may result from inconsistent rules or messages, so parental attention should be clear, reasonable, and consistent (A). (B and