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1. What is the difference between incidence and
prevalence? How are they calculated?
- Incidence is the number of new cases of a disease in a
population during a specified period of time, while
prevalence is the proportion of the population that has the
disease at a given point in time. Incidence is calculated by
dividing the number of new cases by the population at risk
during the time period, while prevalence is calculated by
dividing the number of existing cases by the total
population.
2. What are the types of epidemiologic studies and what are
their advantages and disadvantages?
- The main types of epidemiologic studies are descriptive,
analytical, and experimental. Descriptive studies describe
the distribution and characteristics of a disease or a
population, such as case reports, case series, cross-sectional
studies, and ecological studies. They are useful for
generating hypotheses and identifying patterns, but they
cannot establish causal relationships. Analytical studies
compare groups of people to test hypotheses and identify
associations between exposures and outcomes, such as
cohort studies, case-control studies, and nested case-control
studies. They are useful for estimating relative risks and
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