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62 terms gracimire6Preview Chapter 9 Recap 30 terms teresebellaleonetti Preview Risk Management Exam #3 108 terms buslerbenjamin Preview GA Cha 26 terms mik 1973 Health Maintenance Organization Act Required all employers with more than 25 employees to offer an HMO option in their health plan

Put this in order from oldest to most recent:

HMO

S-CHIP

HIPAA Medicare Part D

1973: HMO

1996: HIPAA

1997: S-CHIP

2003: Medicare Part D

Types of Incremental Health Care Reform

HMO Act: Employer mandates to provide health insurance

S-CHIP: Expanded eligibility of Medicare/Medicaid

Types of Comprehensive Healthcare Reform (i.e. Universal Coverage) Single-payer (government run) Healthcare vouchers (choice and competition) Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is also known as Obamacare.

• requires individuals to have health insurance starting in 2014
• Health insurers not allowed to put a lifetime limit on coverage or take away

coverage for any other reason than fraud -Young adults can stay on parent's health insurance up to 26 years old now.Type of Incremental Health Reform What is a healthcare network?A network of providers or healthcare facilities that have agreed to lower their rates for plan members.HMO Health Insurance Plan gives you access to...certain doctors and hospitals within its network

Characteristics of HMO

• require you to select a primary care physician
• require a PCP referral to be covered when you see a specialist
• No coverage for doctor visitation outside of an HMO network

Premiums are generally lower for ___ plans, and there is usually no deductible or a low one.

HMO PPO Health Insurance Plans provide more... flexibility when picking a hospital or doctor Characteristics of PPO

• fewer restrictions on seeing non-network providers
• can see specialist without referral of pcp
• premiums tend to be higher, more common to have a deductible

What are the 5 characteristics of a profession?

• Systematic theory and body of knowledge
• Professional authority and professional privileges
• Community sanction and social utility
• Ethical codes and internal control
• Professional culture and organizations

Systematic Theory and Body of Knowledge didactic education continued education Professional Authority and Special Privileges healthcare services that the members of the public cannot perform for themselves Social Utility and Community Sanction the most widely recognized sanctioning is the system of licensure Ethical Codes and Internal Control a profession that accepts the responsibility to maintain a standard of conduct beyond the law most difficult part about codes of ethics is enforcement Professional Culture and Organization

Values (3):

• Belief in the importance and merit to society of the profession's expertise
• Belief that the service cannot be better provided by another occupation
• Belief that the service provided is essential, in that society would suffer if the

service was withdrawn First Professional Pharmacy Organization American Pharmaceutical Association (APhA) in 1852 Corporate Memberships (Trade Groups)

ISMP: Institute for Safe Medication Practices

NACDS: Nat'l. Assoc. of Chain Drug Stores

PhRMA: Pharmaceutical Researchers and Manufacturers Association

GPhA: Generic Pharmaceutical Industry Association

Education and Regulatory Organizations

NABP: Nat'l. Assoc. of Boards of Pharmacy

ACPE: American Council for Pharmacy Education

AACP: American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy

AFPE: American Foundation for Pharmaceutical Education

Healthcare providers sometimes fail to treat the patient as a(n) ______.individual Pharmacy Requirements PharmD education - current minimum

To maintain RPh:

• min 45 hr CE: 23 must be live, at least 3 should be to reduce med/rx errors every 3

years Licensure Requirements

NAPLEX

FPGEE - Foreign exam MPJE - law Compounding - might not be required anymore What demographic is underrepresented in the pharmacist workforce?Hispanic/Latino Pharmacy Technicians CAN'T...drug regimen review clinical conflict resolution prescriber contact concerning prescription drug order clarification therapy modification patient counseling dispensing process validation prescription transfer receipt of new prescription drug order Pharmacy Technicians can assist the pharmacist in serving patients maintain medication and inventory control systems participate in the administration and management of a pharmacy practice The Ninth Amendment to the PREP Act allows...pharmacy technicians to administer the COVID-19 vaccine Physicians are concerned primarily with...maintaining or restoring health of their patients through the diagnosis and treatment of disease or injury Flexner Report 1910

Made recommendations that included:

minimum educational standards minimum of 4 years medical school education closure of proprietary medical schools

MD/DO licensure is a 3 step process:

• Exam for licensure during the 2nd year (USMLE Step 1)
• Exam during 4th year: 2 parts, clinical knowledge and clinical skills (USMLE Step 2)
• Exam for licensure 1st year of residency (USMLE Step 3)

T/F: Specialization is a mandatory process FALSE: Specialization is a voluntary process What is interprofessional education?Students from 2 or more professions learn ABOUT, FROM, and WITH each other to enable effective collaboration and improve health outcomes What is interprofessional collaborative practie?When multiple health workers from different professional backgrounds work together with patients, families, careers, and communities to deliver the highest quality of care Which is the largest of all healthcare occupations?Nurses RN vs. LPNRN is the more advanced. LPN works under the supervision of a registered nurse.Who are APNs (advanced practitioner nurses)?Nurse Practitioner Clinical Nurse Specialist Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist Certified Nurse Midwife ... can practice independently without physician collaboration or supervision T/F: An NP is a type of APNTRUE. A Nurse Practitioner is a type of Advanced Practitioner Nurse How do you become an LPN? (How many years of study) Usually 1 year of study To become a registered nurse, you can get

any of the three:

Bachelor's degree Associate's degree Diploma from an approved nursing program APNs have at least __ years of graduate education

• (master's degree)

However, starting 2014, a Doctor of Nursing Practice Nursing Licensure Ecam

NCLEX: National Council Licensure Examination

NCLEX-RN for registered nurses NCLEX-PN for vocational/practical nurses LPNs often assist patients with...activities of daily living i.e. dressing, eating, bathing, toileting, mobility, and grooming

IADL: Instrumental Activity of Daily Living

complex set of skills we need in order to live independently i.e., using telephone, shopping, preparing meals, housekeeping, using transportation, taking medications, and managing finances PA curriculum average length26 months How often are PAs retested on their clinical skills?every 6 years