PHTLS 9TH EDITION: KEY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS FOR

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PHTLS 9TH EDITION: KEY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS FOR

TRAUMA MANAGEMENT EXAM QUESTIONS

Actual Qs and Ans - Expert-Verified Explanation -Guaranteed passing score -30 Questions and Answers

-Format: Multiple-choice / Flashcard

Question 1: Incisions

Answer:

a clean, straight, knife-like cut

Question 2: dental trauma and management

Answer:

• trauma (injury) to the teeth and/or periodontium (gums, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone), and

nearby soft tissues such as the lips, tongue, etc.

• swelling, bruising may be present. Assess for missing, loose or misaligned teeth. Manage airway from

obstruction with suction if needed. Consider c-spine based on MOI/NOI. Control any bleeding and initiate pain management and fluid replacement if hemodynamically unstable.

Question 3: TASER effects

Answer:

devices used as a conducted electrical weapon

Question 4: Penetrating Neck Trauma

Answer:

- Zone I: clavicle to cricoid cartilage (highest morbidity and mortality)

- Zone II: cricoid cartilage to mandible (best prognosis, most accessible)

- Zone III: mandible to skull base

• Do not remove impaled objects

• Hard signs (expanding hematoma, diminished pulse, paralysis, hemorrhage, stroke)

Question 5: Fluid resuscitation

Answer:

• Replacement of the extensive fluid and electrolyte losses associated with major burn injuries.
• Fluid replacement is initiated to those who are hemodynamically unstable. A systolic of at least 90 (80

per PHTLS) should be the goal. Caution with giving fluid should be taken into consideration to avoid fluid overload (listen to lung sounds).

Question 6: Laryngotracheal injury and management

Answer:

• Injury to the upper airway structures of the larynx and trachea. Can be caused by blunt (more

common) or penetrating trauma

• Bruising, redness to the overlying skin, and palpable tenderness are common signs. Manually stabilize

head, manage ABCs, suction airway if needed, use occlusive dressings and direct pressure to control bleeding, treat for shock with IV access and fluids replacement, apply oxygen as needed.

Question 7: tertiary blast injuries

Answer:

Occur when a person is hurled by the force of the explosion (or blast wind) against stationary, rigid objects.

Question 8: flame burn

Answer:

• A burn caused by an open flame.
• occurs when electricity ignites a person's clothing or surroundings.

Question 9: secondary blast injuries

Answer:

• Result from being struck by flying debris
• A blast wind occurs as the shock wave applies force to air molecules.
• Flying debris may cause blunt and penetrating injuries.

Question 10: Quinary blast injuries

Answer:

• Caused by biologic, chemical, or radioactive contaminants that have been added to a traditional

explosive device

• Associated with "dirty bombs"

Question 11: facial fractures and management

Answer:

• any physical trauma to the face. Facial trauma can involve soft tissue injuries such as burns,

lacerations and bruises, or fractures of the facial bones such as nasal fractures and fractures of the jaw, as well as trauma such as eye injuries. Symptoms are specific to the type of injury; for example, fractures may involve pain, swelling, loss of function, or changes in the shape of facial structures.

• maintain a patent airway, control hemorrhaging, fluid replacement if hypotensive, c-spine precautions,

pain management.

Question 12: primary blast injuries

Answer:

• Damage to the body is caused by the pressure wave generated by the explosion

- Organs generally affected are: lungs, eardrums, other comprehensible organs

• Close proximity to the origin of the pressure wave carries a high risk of injury or death.

Question 13: unstable facial fracture and management

Answer:

• Facial trauma can involve many of the facial bones such as the upper jaw bone (maxilla). Common

causes include car/motorcycle accidents, wounds, sports injuries, and violence.

• Manage airway, suction if large amounts of blood are present, transport in a position of comfort,

establish IV and provide pain management.

Question 14: internal hemorrhage

Answer:

Bleeding occurs inside the body into tissues and body cavities. Pain, shock, vomiting blood, coughing up blood, and loss of consciousness signal internal hmorrhage. Keep person warm, flat, and quiet until medical help arrives. DO NOT give fluids.

Question 15: hemothorax

Answer:

• a collection of blood in the pleural cavity
• Signs and symptoms include anxiety, rapid breathing, restlessness, shock, and pale, cool, clammy

skin. When the affected area is percussed, a dull feeling may be observed. Neck veins may be flat and breathing sounds reduced. It can also cause a collapsed lung (atelectasis). Treatment of a hemothorax includes supportive care, high-flow oxygen, two large-bore intravenous (IV) lines, and transport

Question 16: quaternary blast injuries

Answer:

• Result from the miscellaneous events that occur during an explosion

- May include: burns, respirator injury, crush injury, entrapment

Question 17: pneumothorax

Answer:

• air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall
• Symptoms typically include sudden onset of sharp, one-sided chest pain and shortness of breath.

clinical signs of respiratory or circulatory compromise. Classically the findings of hypoxia, chest wall crepitus, diminished breath sounds, tachypnea, tachycardia, hypotension, tracheal deviation, and the presence of a sucking chest wound all have been used to help make the diagnosis. Two main procedures are used in the emergency management of pneumothorax in the prehospital setting: needle thoracostomy for tension pneumothorax and the placement of three-sided occlusive dressing for a communicating pneumothorax. Rapid transport.

Question 18: perforated tympanic membrane and management

Answer:

• A perforated eardrum (tympanic membrane perforation) is a hole in the eardrum. It can be caused by

infection (otitis media), trauma, overpressure (loud noise), inappropriate ear clearing, and changes in middle ear pressure.

• In severe trauma, assess vital signs and ABCs. Evaluate for head trauma/skull or facial fractures. If

critically ill, stabilize patient. Those with suspected C spine injury should be immobilized (C collar).

Question 19: Orbital Fracture and management

Answer:

• Caused by direct trauma to the eyeball. Signs: blurred vision, diplopia, restricted eye movement,

downward displacement of the eye, soft-tissue swelling and hemorrhaging, numbness.

• Because orbital fractures are the result of trauma, primary survey and attention to ABCs take priority.

Focus questions on patency of airway, control of cervical spine, breathing difficulties, and symptoms of shock or neurologic impairment, such as loss of consciousness. If globe is open, cover it with a protective shield.

Question 20: Management of burns

Answer:

-Stop the burning to prevent further injury -Treat the patients injuries -Separate patient from burn source -Correct any ABCD-related problems -15 LPM with nonrebreather to patients able to breathe on their own