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1. What is the definition of a drought?
a) A deficiency of precipitation over an extended period of
time, resulting in a water shortage.
b) A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading
to a shortage of water for drinking, irrigation, and other
uses.
c) A natural disaster that occurs when rainfall is
significantly below normal levels, causing serious
hydrological imbalances.
d) All of the above. *
Rationale: Drought is a complex phenomenon that can be
defined in different ways depending on the context and the
impacts. All of the above definitions are valid and capture
different aspects of drought.
2. How does climate change exacerbate droughts?
a) By increasing the frequency, duration, and intensity of
dry spells. *
b) By decreasing the variability and unpredictability of
rainfall patterns.
c) By enhancing the evaporation and transpiration of water
from land surfaces and plants.
d) Both a and c. *
Rationale: Climate change affects the hydrological cycle in
various ways, such as altering the distribution and timing of
precipitation, increasing the atmospheric demand for
moisture, and changing the land surface conditions. These
factors can increase the likelihood and severity of droughts
in many regions.
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