Portage Pathophysiology Module 4 Review Q’s & A’s Rated 100% Correct!!

Portage Pathophysiology Module 4 Review Q’s & A’s Rated 100% Correct!!
What is the function of blood? Answer - Transport materials to and from the body's
cells.
What are the three stages of hemostasis? Answer - Vascular constriction, platelet
plug formation, blood coagulation
What is vitamin K needed to synthesize? Answer - Factors II, VII, IX, and X,
prothrombin, and protein C
Discuss the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Answer - The intrinsic and extrinsic
pathways both form prothrombin activator. The intrinsic pathway begins with
activation of factor XII and can cause clotting in 1 to 6 minutes, considered the
slower process. The extrinsic pathway can cause clotting in 15 seconds and begins
with the release of tissue thromboplastin from the subendothelial cells. Both
pathways converge to activate factor X, the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.
Thrombin then converts fibrinogen to fibrin, the material needed to stabilize a clot.
Both methods are needed for successful hemostasis.
What are the natural and drug therapy anticoagulants? Answer - Antithrombin III,
protein C, protein S, warfarin, heparin, Dabigatran, Rivaroxaban, Apixaban
What is peripheral vascular resistance? Answer - The collective resistance of all the
vessels in the peripheral circulation
Hemodynamics or blood flow is affected by what factors? Answer - Pressure,
resistance, flow, radius, blood viscosity, compliance, wall tension
What is cardiac output? Answer - stroke volume x heart rate
What is preload? Answer - end-diastolic pressure when the ventricle has been filled
and represents the volume work of the heart.
What is afterload? Answer - Afterload is the pressure the heart must generate to
move blood into the aorta.
What is cardiac contractility? Answer - ability of the heart to change its force of
contraction without changing its resting (diastolic) length.
What is an inotrope? Answer - An inotropic influence is one that increases the
strength of the muscular contraction.