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1. A researcher wants to test the effect of music on memory
performance. He randomly assigns participants to one of
three conditions: listening to classical music, listening to
rock music, or listening to no music while studying a list of
words. He then measures how many words they can recall
after a 10-minute delay. What is the independent variable
in this experiment?
a) The type of music
b) The number of words
c) The memory performance
d) The 10-minute delay
*Answer: a) The type of music
Rationale: The independent variable is the factor that the
researcher manipulates or varies to see if it has an effect on
the dependent variable. In this case, the type of music is the
independent variable.*
2. A researcher wants to test the effect of caffeine on
alertness. She measures the alertness level of 100
participants before and after they drink either a cup of
coffee or a cup of decaffeinated coffee. She then compares
the alertness levels between the two groups. What is the
research design in this experiment?
a) Between-subjects design
b) Within-subjects design
c) Quasi-experimental design
d) Correlational design
*Answer: a) Between-subjects design
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