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1. John, a 25-year-old man, has been experiencing episodes
of extreme sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in his
usual activities for the past two months. He also has trouble
sleeping, eating, and concentrating. He sometimes thinks
about ending his life. John most likely meets the criteria
for:
a) dysthymia
b) bipolar disorder
c) major depressive disorder
d) adjustment disorder
Answer: c) major depressive disorder. John's symptoms
match the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder,
which is characterized by a persistent depressed mood
and/or anhedonia (loss of interest or pleasure) for at least
two weeks, along with other signs of impaired functioning.
Dysthymia is a milder but more chronic form of
depression, bipolar disorder involves episodes of both
depression and mania, and adjustment disorder is a shortterm reaction to a stressful life event.
2. Lisa, a 19-year-old college student, has been feeling very
anxious and fearful ever since she witnessed a car accident
three weeks ago. She has recurrent nightmares and
flashbacks of the event, and she avoids anything that
reminds her of it. She also feels detached from others and
has difficulty expressing her emotions. Lisa most likely
meets the criteria for:
a) generalized anxiety disorder
b) post-traumatic stress disorder
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