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1. What are the three stages of prenatal development and what are the
main events that occur in each stage?
Answer: The three stages of prenatal development are the germinal stage,
the embryonic stage, and the fetal stage. In the germinal stage, which lasts
from conception to about two weeks, the fertilized egg (zygote) divides
and forms a ball of cells (blastocyst) that implants in the uterine wall. In
the embryonic stage, which lasts from about two to eight weeks, the major
organs and systems of the body begin to form and the embryo becomes
responsive to external stimuli. In the fetal stage, which lasts from about
nine weeks until birth, the fetus grows rapidly and matures in preparation
for delivery.
Rationale: This question tests the students' knowledge of the basic stages
and events of prenatal development, which are important for
understanding the physical and biological foundations of human
development.
2. What are some of the environmental influences that can affect prenatal
development and what are some of the potential outcomes of exposure to
these influences?
Answer: Some of the environmental influences that can affect prenatal
development include maternal nutrition, stress, infections, drugs, alcohol,
tobacco, and other teratogens. These influences can have various effects
on prenatal development, such as low birth weight, premature birth,
congenital anomalies, fetal alcohol syndrome, behavioral problems,
cognitive impairments, and increased risk of diseases later in life.
Rationale: This question tests the students' understanding of how prenatal
development can be influenced by factors outside the genetic code and
how these factors can have short-term and long-term consequences for the
developing child.
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