PSYCH 343 Exam 2

PSYCH 343 Exam 2
For a child to be able to understand that the amount of water in a tall, thin glass is still
the same amount that was it was when it was in a short, fat glass, the child must be
able to
A. classify the liquid as a substance that can be found in both a tall, thin glass and a
short, fat glass.
B. use hypothetico-deductive reasoning to solve the problem.
C. decenter on the height of the liquid in the glass and pay attention to both the width of
the container and the height of the liquid.
D. understand that knowledge is not absolute but relative, so they can resolve
contradictory information.
Compared to older adolescents and adults, younger adolescents are more likely to
A. use elaboration rather than rehearsal as a memory strategy.
B. have a more integrated knowledge base.
C. create intuitive, automatic memories rather than specific, verbatim memories.
D. use both the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus when working on a memory task.
In Vygotsky's theory, the cognitive abilities that are in the process of forming and which
a child can demonstrate with a little help is called the
zone of proximal development
Intuitive thought is a type of reasoning in which children
A. cannot see the world from another's point of view.
B. begin with a general case, and reason down to a specific instance.
C. begin to put together logical explanations but are still influenced more by what they
perceive than by logical reasoning.
D. begin with a set of specific instances and reason up to a general conclusion.
Piaget would say that the stages in his theory
A. are only general descriptions of how cognitive development occurs and do not apply
to every child.
B. typically happen in the order he describes, but can occur out of order for children who
are very bright.
C. always occur in the order he describes, but the ages at which they occur are only
approximations.
D. are based upon the typical social experiences that children have at different ages.