Solution Manual For Methods in Behavioral Research 15th Edition by Paul Cozby and Scott Bates Chapter 1-14 With Handouts

Solution Manual For Methods in Behavioral Research 15th Edition by Paul Cozby and Scott Bates Chapter 1-14 With Handouts

Solution Manual For
Methods in Behavioral Research, 15th Edition Paul Cozy and Scott Bates
Chapter 1-14 With Handouts
Chapter 1: Scientific Understanding of Behavior
Learning Objectives
ï‚· Describe why it is essential to understand research methods.
ï‚· Explain the scientific approach to learning about behavior and be able to compare and
contrast it with other ways of knowing.
ï‚· Identify and explain key features of the scientific approach to understanding behavior, and
be able to compare and contrast it with a pseudoscientific approach.
ï‚· Describe and give examples of the four goals of scientific research: description, prediction,
determination of cause, and explanation of behavior.
ï‚· Summarize the three elements for inferring causation: temporal order, covariation of cause
and effect, and elimination of alternative explanations. Be able to generate an example.
ï‚· Determine whether a study is basic or applied research.
Brief Chapter Outline
I. Consuming Research
A. Why Learn About Research Methods?
II. Ways of Knowing
A. Intuition
B. Authority
C. Empiricism
D. The Scientific Approach
E. Skepticism
III. Being a Skilled Consumer of Research
IV. Goals of Behavioral Science
A. Description
B. Prediction
C. Determining Causes
D. Explaining Behavior
V. Basic and Applied Research
A. Basic Research
B. Applied Research
IM – 1 | 2
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C. Comparing Basic and Applied Research
Extended Chapter Outline
Please note that much of this information is quoted from the text.
I. Consuming Research
We are continuously bombarded with research results. Articles, books, websites, and social
media posts make claims about the beneficial or harmful effects of particular diets or vitamins on
one’s sex life, personality, or health. There are frequent reports of survey results that draw
conclusions about our views on a variety of topics ranging from politics to the economy, health,
education, and the environment.
A. Why Learn About Research Methods?
Learning about research methods is essential for many reasons. First, many occupations
require the use of research findings. It is also important to recognize that scientific research
has become increasingly prominent in public policy decisions. Research is also important
when developing and assessing the effectiveness of programs designed to achieve certain
goals—for example, improving high school graduation rates in a community, influencing
people to be vaccinated, teaching employees how to reduce the effects of stress, or making a
workplace welcoming and productive for everybody. Finally, research methods can be the
way to satisfy our native curiosity about ourselves, our world, and those around us.
II. Ways of Knowing
People have always observed the world around them and sought explanations for what they see and
experience. So, the question must be asked: How does the scientific approach differ from other
ways of learning about behavior?
A. Intuition
When people rely on intuition, they accept unquestioningly what their own personal
judgment or a single story (anecdote) about one person’s experience tells them. The intuitive
approach takes many forms. Often it involves finding an explanation for our own behaviors
or the behaviors of others. For example, you might develop an explanation for why you keep
having conflicts with your roommate, such as ―My roommate hates me‖ or ―Having to share
a bathroom creates conflict.‖ Other times, intuition is used to explain events that you
observe, as in the case of concluding that adoption increases the chances of conception for
people who are having difficulty conceiving a child. A problem with intuition is that
numerous cognitive and motivational biases affect one’s perceptions, and so one may draw
erroneous conclusions about cause and effect.

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