Stott Pilates Exam Prep-Actions, Origins and Insertions of Muscles Questions and Answers 2026/2027 (15pages)

Gastrocnemius - Answer- A: plantarflexes and inverts foot at ankle, O:femoral condyles I: Calcaneus via achilles tendon Soleus - Answer- A: plantarflexes and inverts foot at ankle O: Upper 1/3 of fibia I: Calcaneus via achilles tendon Tibialis Anterior - Answer- A: Dorsiflexes and inverts foot at ankle O: Lateral condyle of tibia I: plantar surface of first metatarsal and cuneiform Tibialis Posterior - Answer- A: Inverts and plantarflexes the foot at ankle. Medial ankle stabilizer. O: Lateral part of posterior surface of tibia, proximal 2/3 of medial surface of fibula. I: Tuberosity of navicular, with branches to sustenaculum tali of calcaneus, plantar surfaces of all 3 cuneiforms, cuboid, and bases of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsal bones. Popliteus - Answer- A: Rotates tibia medially on the femur, or femur laterally on tibia. Brings knee out of full extension. Helps with posterior stability of knee O: Lateral condyle of the femur I: Posterior surface of tibia above soleal line. Plantaris - Answer- A: plantar flexes and inverts the foot at the ankle, flexes the leg at the knee. O: Lower part of lateral supracondylar line of femur, and oblique popliteal ligament of knee. I: Posterior part of the calcaneus medial to the achilles tendon. Peroneus Longus - Answer- A: Eversion and plantar flexion of foot at ankle. Gives lateral stability to the ankle. O: Head and proximal 2/3 of lateral tibia I: Lateral margin of plantar surface of 1st cuneiform and metatarsal. Peroneus Brevis - Answer- A: Eversion and plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle. Gives lateral stability to the ankle. O: Distal 2/3 of the lateral fibula. I: Tuberosity on lateral side of 5th metatarsal Peroneus Tertius - Answer- A: Dorsiflexes and everts the foot at the ankle. O: Distal 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula. I: Dorsal surface of 5th metatarsal. Extensor Hallucis Longus - Answer- A: Extends distal phalanx of big toe. Continued action extends proximal phalanx and dorsiflexes and inverts the foot at the ankle. O: Middle 1/2 of the anterior surface of fibula, I: Dorsal surface of base of distal phalanx of hallux (big toe) Extensor Digitorum Longus - Answer- A: Extends the lateral 4 toes. Dorsiflexes and everts foot at the ankle. O: Lateral condyle of tibia, head and proximal 3/4 of the anterior surface of fibula. I: Divides into 4 tendons after passing under extensor retinaculum to insert on dorsal surfaces of bases of middle and distal phalanges of the 2nd-5th toes. Flexor Hallucis Longus - Answer- Action: Flexion of great toe Plantar flexion of foot Inversion of foot Origin: Fibula (posterior shaft) Interosseous membrane Insertion: Distal phalanx of great toe Comment: Powerful muscle for "push-off" of foot during walking and running Flexor Digitorum Longus - Answer- Action: Flexion of toes 2-5 Plantar flexion of foot Inversion of foot Origin: Tibia (posterior middle shaft) Insertion: Distal phalanges of toes 2-5 Comment: Tendon provides attachment for quadratus plantae (insertion) and lumbrical (origin) muscles Vastus Medialis - Answer- A: Extends leg at knee and draws patella medially. O: Lower 1/2 of intertrochanteric line, tendons of adductor magnus and adductor longus I: Medial border of the patella and through the ligamentum patallae into tibial tuberosity Vastus Intermedius - Answer- A: Extends leg at the knee O: Proximal 2/3 of anterolateral surface of femur, upper part of lateral supracondylar line