TEST 2, BIO 113, DR. METZLER BALL STATE UNIVERSITY

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TEST 2, BIO 113, DR. METZLER BALL STATE UNIVERSITY

Actual Qs and Ans - Expert-Verified Explanation -Guaranteed passing score -30 Questions and Answers

-Format: Multiple-choice / Flashcard

Question 1: hypertonic solution

Answer:

Solute concentration in solution is greater than that of the inside of the cell; cell loses water

• if cell has wall, cell shrinks wall stays same size

Question 2: tuft of polar flagella

Answer:

can have multiple flagellum coming off ends

Question 3: Flagella

Answer:

A long, whip-like filament that helps in cell motility. Many bacteria are flagellated and some eukaryotes as well

• rotation propels bacterium through environment

Question 4: Exocytosis

Answer:

Process by which a cell releases large amounts of material

Question 5: Cytosol

Answer:

-Fluid portion of cytoplasm

Question 6: Endoflagellum

Answer:

axial filaments (twisty/curly)

Question 7: Hierarchy of taxa

Answer:

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Question 8: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Answer:

• a combination of lipid with polysaccharide and protein that forms the major portion of the outer

membrane in gram-negative Bacteria

• lipid portion is Lipid A
• released from dead cells when cell walls disintegrate
• may trigger fever, vasodilation, inflammation, shock & blood clotting

Question 9: Endocytosis

Answer:

process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane

Question 10: Eukaryotic cytoplasm

Answer:

* flagella: rotary motion (only

1)

• Cilia: hair like structures that are used for movement (forward/backward beats)
• Cytoskeleton: 3 components (microtubule, microfilament, intermediate filament; related to structure)

microtubule and microfilament related to movement

* Centrosome: contain centrioles, important in cell division

* Golgi apparatus: sorts proteins (post office for cells)

* Rough ER: major site of protein production

* Nucleus: houses DNA

* Vacuole: for storage

* Mitochondria: for ATP

* Cholorplast: where food made

Question 11: Run

Answer:

movement of cell in single direction for some time

Question 12: Nucleoid

Answer:

A non-membrane-enclosed region in a prokaryotic cell where its chromosome is located.

Question 13: Archaea structures

Answer:

* Glycocalyces: similar to bacterial

• Flagella: work as propellers to generate slower movement, some structural differences

* Fimbriae: similar to bacteria

* Hami: unique to archaea, attach them to surfaces

* Cell walls: no Peptidoglycan, generate different shapes

* Cell membrane: structural different, functionally similar

* Cytoplasm: the same

* Ribosomes: 70s but use diffrent proteins than bacterial

* Cytoskeleton: similar

Question 14: Fimbriae

Answer:

-nonmotile extensions

• used by bacteria to adhere to one another, hosts, and environment
• shorter than flagella
• important function in biofilm

Question 15: single polar flagellum

Answer:

one flagellum at one end of the cell -eukaryotic usually have this

Question 16: Endospores

Answer:

bacterial spore that can survive harsh conditions

Question 17: hypotonic solution

Answer:

A solution in which the concentration of solutes is less than that of the cell that resides in the solution

• water goes into cell (could burst)
• don't have affect on cells with walls

Question 18: endosymbiotic theory

Answer:

theory that eukaryotic cells formed from a symbiosis among several different prokaryotic organisms here

• explain where mitochondria and chloroplasts come from

Question 19: Gram positive wall

Answer:

-composed mainly of peptidoglycan -contain large amount of techoic acid (polysaccharide)

• some linked to lipids, form lipotechoic acid

Question 20: Inclusions

Answer:

Chemical substances such as stored nutrients or cell products

• can provide buoyancy and flotation

Question 21: Ribosomes

Answer:

site of protein synthesis -many antibiotics target

• build proteins

Question 22: Cytoskeleton

Answer:

A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement

Question 23: Pilli

Answer:

Hollow tubes used to move cells or exchange DNA between bacteria by conjunction.