Test Bank For Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis For Disease In Adults And Children 8th Edition By Kathryn L. McCance, Sue E. Huether

Test Bank For Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis For Disease In Adults And Children 8th Edition By Kathryn L. McCance, Sue E. Huether Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE
CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins.
b. Cells can secrete digestive
enzymes.
c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from
their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of
cellular metabolicabsorption.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of
RNA, most ofthe cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones,
which regulate its activity. The mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration
and energy production.
Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes
functionas the intracellular digestive system.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
Test Bank - Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th) 6
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen
to removehydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: B
Test Bank - Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th) 7
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces
H2O2, which is apowerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or
escapes from peroxisomes.
Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the
nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope
called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from
the Golgi complex and containmore than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases,
which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. An
endosome is a vesical that has been pinched off from the cellular membrane.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell
injury?
a. Ribosome
b. Golgi complex
c. Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
d. Lysosomes
ANS: D
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive
enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the
cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular
injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their
specific substrates, causing cellular self- digestion. The chief function of a ribosome is
to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. TheGolgi complex is a network of
flattened, smooth vesicles and membranes often located near thecell nucleus. The
smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid hormone production and
removing toxic substances from the cell.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering

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