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1. What is the difference between data, information and knowledge? Explain with
examples.
- Data are raw facts or figures that have no meaning by themselves, such as
numbers, symbols, words, etc. Information is data that has been processed,
organized, or interpreted in a way that makes it meaningful and useful for a specific
purpose, such as a report, a chart, a table, etc. Knowledge is information that has
been applied, analyzed, or evaluated to create new insights, understanding, or
skills, such as a theory, a principle, a method, etc. For example, the temperature
readings of a city over a month are data, the average temperature and the trend of
change are information, and the prediction of the weather based on the
information is knowledge.
2. What are the main components of an information system? Describe their
functions and interactions.
- An information system consists of five main components: hardware, software,
data, people, and procedures. Hardware refers to the physical devices that are used
to input, process, store, and output data, such as computers, scanners, printers, etc.
Software refers to the programs or applications that instruct the hardware on how
to perform tasks, such as operating systems, databases, word processors, etc. Data
refers to the raw facts or figures that are collected, processed, stored, and used by
the information system. People refer to the users or stakeholders who interact with
the information system or benefit from its outputs, such as managers, employees,
customers, etc. Procedures refer to the rules or guidelines that define how the
information system operates and how the data is handled, such as security policies,
backup plans, data entry formats, etc. The components interact with each other in a
cycle of input-process-output-feedback.
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