1. AP Review - 1. A&P Review Answer Larynx- voice box Glottis-...

NUR 105 Respiratory Module 4

• A&P Review

Answer Larynx- voice box Glottis- Opening of true vocal cords Epiglottis- Small, elastic flap attached to top of the larynx

• Surfactant

Answer fatty protein that reduces surface tension in the alveoli without surfactant- atelectasis occurs

• Parietal Pleura

Answer lines inside of chest cavity and upper surface of diaphragm

• Visceral pleura

Answer Covers lung surfaces

• Intrapleural space

Answer Between the parietal and visceral pleura

• Accessory muscles of respiration

Answer diaphragm- major muscle Always assess for accessory muscle use- retractions

• Assessment 1 / 3

Answer -History

-Type of severity of breathing problem -Recent illness -Demographic data -Hemoglobin and Hematocrit -Family History of respiratory disease

-SMOKING

-Drug use -Allergies -Travel- Histoplasmosis from contaminated dust -Diet history -Occupation- fumes, irritants -Current health problem, sputum production, morning cough, blood tinged sputum -Dyspnea, Chest pain- continuous or only present when coughing

• Physical Assessment

Answer Assessing for patency Nose and sinuses

Pharynx, Trachea, Larynx- aligned, tell pt to say AHH to check for alignment, ulcers or lesions( dehydration) Lungs and Thorax- Inspection, Barrel shaped chest (Chronic resp. disease) Assess for clubbing of the finger nails- indicates chronic respiratory issues

• Physical Assessment (Palpation)

Answer Feel for symmetry

Tactile fremitus- vibration, pleural space is filled with air or fluid. If filled with air think, pneumothorax. If filled with fluid think, pleural effusion Crepitus (Subq emphysema)- air is trapped in and under the skin. Medical emergency

• Physical Assessment (auscultation)

Answer 2 / 3

Normal breath sounds -Bronchial

Harsh hollow sound over trachea

-Bronchovesicular

-Vesicular

soft rustling sound heard in lung tissue over small bronchioles

Abnormal -Crackles, wheeze, rhonchus, pleural friction rub

• Psychosocial assessment

Answer Stress and Anxiety may worsen symptoms Anxiety can also be result of decreased oxygen to brain family roles, Isolation, financial problems,

• Diagnostic assessment

Answer Labs- Blood test (RBC and ABG) Sputum test- identify organisms (pneumonia patients) Radiographic- CXR(pneumonia) , CT-assesses soft tissue Pulse Ox

Capnometry- measures CO2 being exhaled Ventilation and perfusion scanning- assesses lung function

• Invasive Diagnostic tests

Answer Bronchoscopy Laryngoscopy

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